Apply your knowledge Why are monosaccharides highly soluble in water? Why do monosaccharides have high boiling and melting points? Identify carbons 3 and 5 in the monosaccharides below 9 Reducing & non - reducing sugars ( Learning goal 5) A classification that helps differentiate monosaccharides Reducing sugars Also known as aldoses. E. g. glucose Changes Benedicts solution from ) blue to red

In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to test a new molecule. He thought he had been told to taste it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose. Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar): The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda, but it is now available under several other brand names. Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?

Cellulose and starch are examples of: monosaccharides disaccharides lipids polysaccharides

Figure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?

Name three kinds of carbohydrates that can be built using only glucose monomers.

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________. polymer of carbohydrate pentose monosaccharide hexose monosaccharide all of the above

Saturated fatty acids are so named because they are saturated with (a) hydrogen (b) water (c) hydroxyl groups (d) glycerol (e) double bonds

Match the terms with their most suitable description. ____ hydrophilic a. protons electrons ____ atomic number b. number of protons in nucleus ____ hydrogen bonds c. polar; dissolves easily in water ____ positive charge d. collectively strong ____ negative charge e. protons electrons ____ temperature f. measure of molecular motion ____ pH g. water-dreading ____ covalent bond h. electron sharing ____ hydrophobic i. reflects H+ concentration

A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide in what kind of reaction? oxidation-reduction reaction anabolic reaction catabolic reaction biosynthetic reaction

Fatty acids in phospholipids and triacylglycerols interact with one another by (a) disulfide bridges (b) van der Waals interactions (c) covalent bonds (d) hydrogen bonds (e) fatty acids do not interact with one another