Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial and fungal infections. During the past several decades, however, antibioticresistant strains of microorganisms have become alarmingly prevalent. This has undermined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating many types of infectious disease. Discuss how the following processes that alter allele frequencies may have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains: A. Random mutation B. Genetic drift C. Natural selection

Lion populations are found all over sub- Saharan africa. How do the sequences above reinforce or contradict the idea that populations of lions who are genetically similar live in the same geographic area?

What is the answer to this problem? I said the answer was "Homo sapiens populations interbred with the Denisovans before leaving Africa." and this was marked wrong.

Evolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.

Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial and fungal infections. During the past several decades, however, antibiotic- resistant strains of microorganisms have become alarmingly prevalent. This resistance has undermined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating many types of infectious disease. Discuss how the following processes that alter allele frequencies may have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains: A. Random mutation B. Genetic drift C. Natural selection

A hypothetical population has two alleles for a “B" gene: B1 and B2. In a random sample of 50 diploid zygotes (for a total of 100 alleles), the following genotypes were found: 20 B1B1, 20 B1B2, and 10 B2B2 The above values represent the initial genotype frequencies of zygotes in the population. Let's say that selection acts against the B2 allele, and all 10 individuals with B2B2 genotype die off before reaching maturity (leaving 0 B2B2 individuals). (The number of surviving adults in the population is 40, so the number of alleles is 80). What is the new observed frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? O A. 0.10 О В. О.70 O C. 0.25 O D.0.50 O E. 0.75

Which of the following are INCORRECT about inbreeding?   select all that apply a.) It speeds evolutionary change b.)It causes evolution c.)Allele frequency changes d.)Genotype frequency does not change e.)Heterozygosity decreases

Which of the following comparisons of relative fitness for the M locus would most likely result in the fixation (frequency of 1 ) of the M allele after many generations of evolution. A. w(MM) = w(Mm) < w(mm) B. w(MM) < w(Mm) > w(mm) C. w(MM) = w(Mm) = w(mm) D. w(MM) > w(Mm) = w(mm)

A scientist is interested in the ability of a small population of fish endemic to the streams of Mauna Kea in Hawaii to evade predators. She notices that some fish within the population are black (BB or Bb), while a smaller subset seems to have an albino mutation and are white (bb). She observed the population and through sampling quantified the number of fish that were black or white, and the population size. These results are listed below. Observations: a. Population size = 5,000 fish total b. Black Fish: 72% c. White Fish: 28% Calculate the following: Remember to use the algorithm described with the sample questions in the introduction to the lab manual. Please round answers to the nearest hundreth (0.00 format) a. Frequency of homozygote dominant fish b. Frequency of heterozygote fish c. Frequency of the B allele  d. Frequency of the b allele  e. Number of fish who are heterozygotes in the population f. Number of B alleles in the populatio