Discuss the role of mutation in the origin of genetic polymorphisms. Suppose that a genetic polymorphism involves two alleles at frequencies of 0.45 and 0.55. Describe three different scenarios to explain these observed allele frequencies. You can propose that the mutations that produced the polymorphism are neutral, beneficial, or deleterious.

Q: Which Hardy-Weinberg equation relates the frequencies of the phenotypes for a gene?

A: Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a theoretical situation in which a population is not evolving.…

Q: Explain why conditional alleles are important when we want to study lethal mutations.

A: A type of mutation in which the effects can result in the death or reduce significantly the expected…

Q: what is the meaning of fitness ?what two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by…

A: The process through which populations of living creatures adapt and evolve is known as natural…

Q: Which of the following statements about paramutation is false?a. A paramutagenic allele can alter…

A: Paramutation is a type of mutation that is defined as an interaction between alleles that leads to a…

Q: What is meant by the term genetic variation? Give two examplesof genetic variation . What…

A: Genetics is a study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in an organism. Living organisms…

Q: How do single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arise and how do they spread in a population? Why is…

A: Introduction :- SNPs, or single nucleotide polymorphisms, are the most prevalent type of genetic…

Q: Describe the Central Dogma of molecular genetics and the three processes that drive the flow of…

A: INTRODUCTION Central dogma is introduced Francis Crick. This shows the flow of genetic information…

Q: An hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs is that the earth had been hit by a gigantic…

A: This type of gene frequency change is called Genetic Drift.

Q: Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind pleiotropy? A. A single gene controls a…

A: The trait that is physically expressed means can be seen from outside  for example shape , size ,…

Q: Tay-Sachs disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in a gene on chromosome 15 that encodes a…

A: Given: Tach-Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition - (aa) Among Ashkenazi Jews of…

Q: Which of the following refers, specifically, to a trait that is modified (mutated genetically) from…

A: Some scientists compare all the features of each living thing to experiment with evolution. However,…

Q: For which reasons, early human geneticists were slow to accept Mendelian analysis?

A: Gregor Johann Mendel was an Augustinian monk. He worked on garden pea for the genetic experiment and…

Q: Provided with the evidences on the picture, choose which of these represents descent with…

A: Natural selection as well as other factors can help these alterations get entrenched in a whole…

Q: If humans have characteristics that make them unsuitable for genetic analysis, such as long…

A: The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity are studied under the defined branch of biology…

Q: What is the difference between a gene and an allele?   a. A gene is a form of a trait, and alleles…

A: Heredity, also known as inheritance is the passing on of characters or traits from parents to their…

Q: Dideoxy sequencing is one of the most important methods for DNA sequencing. What could be the impact…

A: The biological methods for establishing the arrangement of the nucleotides in a DNA oligonucleotide…

Q: Which of these is not true of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?     are single base-pair…

A: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs):  A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a single…

Q: In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how…

A: In a population, mutation plays a key role in the introduction of genetic variations into the…

Q: If all cells carry the same DNA information, how is it that different cells may carry out different…

A: INTRODUCTION           When the population of organisms made changes in an over generations in…

Q: the meaning of fitness ?what two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by natural…

A: The term "evolution" describes the gradual, generational changes that take place in the inherited…

Q: Consider the following estimates:(a) There are 7 x 109 humans living on this planet.(b) Each…

A: Answer - a) There are currently 1.4×109 mutations present in the human population. this is…

Q: Based on his phenotype muggle, with the information provided, can we tell what Dudleys second allele…

A: Inheritance or heredity is passing-on one trait from the parents to the progeny by either asexual or…

Q: Albinism in humans can be caused by mutations in any one of several different genes. This situation,…

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: Suppose that you are at a party on Friday night, relaxing after your big genetics exam. Someone…

A: The branch of biology which deals with a detailed study of all aspects of gene, heredity and the…

Q: Until very recently, the fitness of an individual getting familial retinoblastoma was zero, and if…

A: Fitness is the propensity of an individual to reproduce and contribute its genes to the progeny. A…

Q: Imagine a huge population with a gene that has ten functionally equivalent, neutral alleles. a small…

A: A huge population with a gene that has ten functionally equivalent, neutral alleles and if a small…

Q: Consider a recessive condition where 40% of the affected individuals pass away by the age of 10 but…

A: The mutation is due to the recessive condition of genotype. The survived population gave rise to new…

Q: Who was Gregor Mendel? Describe the plant that he performed his research with and explain at least…

A: Gregor Johann Mendel was a meteorologist, mathematician, biologist, Augustinian friar and abbot of…

Q: Are polymorphisms common or rare in natural populations?

A: Polymorphism is an intermittent genetic variation bringing about the event of a few unique…

Q: Genetic drift can be defined as Group of answer choices A. accidental changes in DNA structure…

A:

Q: A certain form of sickle cell anemia is caused by an autosomal recessive allele. Assume that the…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood cell disorder. Homozygous dominant individuals (SS and the…

Q: Consider the case of a hypothetical genetic disease called WhySciEleven (WSE), an inherited disease…

A: Answer :  WSE is a recessive disease and according to hardy Weinberg   p²+q²+2pq = 1 Where p is for…

Q: Which of the following is the mutation rate? a. the likelihood that a new mutation will occur in a…

A: Mutation can be defined as the sudden and unpredictable changes that can occur in the nucleotide…

Q: c) Recently, scientists have identified a mutation that is found at high frequency in Finnish…

A: Mutation can be defined as the alteration in the nucleotide sequences that are present in the genome…

Q: In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how…

A: Mechanisms of evolution correspond to violations of different Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. They are:…

Q: Consider rare disorders in a population caused by an autosomal recessive mutation. From the…

A: Hardy weinberg eqilibrium: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle states that the genetic traits…

Q: In a population of wild squirrels, most of them have gray fur, butan occasional squirrel is…

A: An allele is a variant form of a given gene.  Phenotype is the observed physical traits of an…

Q: What evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic…

A: In science, polymorphism is the event of at least two plainly unique transforms or structures,…

Q: Consider a recessive condition where 40% of the affected individuals pass away by the age of 10 but…

A: Mutation rate can be defined as the amount of mutation taking place in the group of people in a…

Q: Consider a gene that where a disease-causing low-frequency recessive allele is segregating in the…

A: Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is a imaginary which considers if there is no evolution then the…

Q: Coat color in rats varies from white to black and includes many shades of gray in between. If the…

A: Certain phenotypic traits are governed by many genes at different loci and each contributes such a…

Q: Which of the following statements about variation is true? Select all that apply.   a Variation…

A: Given: Some statements are given related to variation. Variation is a biological term in genetic…

Q: If our DNA contains all the information about who we are, how can something that does not involve…

A: DNA is versatile and a very complex molecule , even more complex is the regulation of expression of…

Q: Define about Tay–Sachs Disease:The Molecular Basis of a Recessive Disorder in Humans ?

A: To produce disease, both genes in a pair must be faulty. Carriers are people who have only one…

Q: a) what feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows…

A: LD blocks are linkage disequilibrium blocks present in a chromosome. It is defined as an event in…

Q: Recently, scientists have identified a mutation that is found at high frequency in Finnish…

A: The physical and functional unit of heredity is a gene. They transmit knowledge from one generation…

Q: How might the Hardy Weinberg relationship be used to evaluate a new SNP genotyping technology using…

A: Hardy Weinberg equilibrium states that the allele and genotype frequencies of the population will…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.