Using an example scenario, please explain the three conditions required for a trait to be under the pressures of natural selection.

Artificial selection is when people selectively choose individuals with a certain desired trait to use as parents of the next generation. It is done to domesticated (or semi-domesticated) organisms. It has produced such monstrosities as bubble-eyed goldfish, revealing the potential for selection acting on heritable variation to produce varieties appearing very different than their ancestors. How is that different from natural selection? (Select all that apply) A- In artificial selection, humans directly cause new mutations to occur, whereas natural selection relies on mutations that occur randomly over time. B- Artificial selection can lead to organisms that would be unfit to survive in the wild, whereas natural selection usually makes the population better adapted. C- Artificial selection is directed ahead of time towards an intentional goal; not so with natural selection. D- Really, they are exactly the same process. Both cause what seems to be design without a designer. E-…

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck introduced a theory about inheritance in the early 1800s. Which of the following accurately describes his Theory of Acquired Characteristics? a. Offspring traits are the result of the blending of traits from the parents. b. Offspring traits are the result of parent individuals modifying their traits due to use or non-use. c. Traits are acquired from genes, and arise only from the mother not from the father. d. Traits are acquired from grandparents and skip the parent generation altogether

Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial and fungal infections. During the past several decades, however, antibiotic- resistant strains of microorganisms have become alarmingly prevalent. This resistance has undermined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating many types of infectious disease. Discuss how the following processes that alter allele frequencies may have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains: A. Random mutation B. Genetic drift C. Natural selection

Antibiotics are commonly used to combat bacterial and fungal infections. During the past several decades, however, antibioticresistant strains of microorganisms have become alarmingly prevalent. This has undermined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating many types of infectious disease. Discuss how the following processes that alter allele frequencies may have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains: A. Random mutation B. Genetic drift C. Natural selection

Which of the following comparisons of relative fitness for the M locus would most likely result in the fixation (frequency of 1 ) of the M allele after many generations of evolution. A. w(MM) = w(Mm) < w(mm) B. w(MM) < w(Mm) > w(mm) C. w(MM) = w(Mm) = w(mm) D. w(MM) > w(Mm) = w(mm)

A. How does the linkage of traits impact selection decisions in a breeding plan?   B. How are molecular markers useful for making selection decisions in the face of linkage drag?