A scientist is interested in the ability of a small population of fish endemic to the streams of Mauna Kea in Hawaii to evade predators. She notices that some fish within the population are black (BB or Bb), while a smaller subset seems to have an albino mutation and are white (bb). She observed the population and through sampling quantified the number of fish that were black or white, and the population size. These results are listed below. Observations: a. Population size = 5,000 fish total b. Black Fish: 72% c. White Fish: 28% Calculate the following: Remember to use the algorithm described with the sample questions in the introduction to the lab manual. Please round answers to the nearest hundreth (0.00 format) a. Frequency of homozygote dominant fish b. Frequency of heterozygote fish c. Frequency of the B allele  d. Frequency of the b allele  e. Number of fish who are heterozygotes in the population f. Number of B alleles in the populatio

Assuming a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, an increase in the frequency of the p(A) allele from 0.6 to 0.9 would result in which of the following outcomes?   a. A decrease in the number of homozygous dominant individuals within the population   b. A decrease in the number of homozygous recessive individuals within the population   c. An increase in the number of homozygous recessive individuals within the population   d. An increase in the number of heterozygotes within the population   e. No change in genotypic frequency within the population

Consider a gene with two alleles, C and M. The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations.   Fitness   CC CM MM Population 1 1.0 1.0 0.6 Population 2 0.9 0.9 1.0 Which of the following is true based on this table? A.) C is recessive and M is dominant B.) M is recessive and C is dominant  C.) Neither allele is dominant  D.) C is dominant in population 1 and M is dominant in population 2

Consider a gene with two alleles, C and M. The table below describes fitness for different genotypes in two populations.   Fitness   CC CM MM Population 1 1.0 1.0 0.6 Population 2 0.9 0.9 1.0  Assume that both populations begin with frequencies of 0.5 for each allele, population size is infinite, and there is no migration between populations. Which of the following statements is true based on the information you have on these populations?

In southwest Arizona there is a large, isolated population of kangaroo rats with over 1000 individuals and a 50:50 sex ratio. You genotype these kangaroo rats at 10 SNPs. You start this genotyping project in the year 2020. In year 2050, the population undergoes a large population decline to 10 individuals and stays around 10 individuals until the year 2100, at which point you retire (at a very old age). Draw a plot illustrating the allele frequencies of all 10 loci from year 2020 to year 2100. Label all axes clearly! Now draw a second plot similar to that in the question above, except that in the year 2050 the population does not decline, but instead responds to a new selective pressure in the form of a novel disease spreading into the population. The disease is a strong agent of selection and results in considerable mortality. Importantly, 5 of the loci are neutral and the other 5 are linked to genes that play a role in disease resistance. Explain your plots. I need an appropriate…

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, as long as specific conditions are met. Choose Yes or No for the conditions that must be met from the providied statement below. 1. Mutations are exponentially occuring   2. All member of the population breed   3. Everyone produces the same number of offspring   4. The population is infinitely large   5. There is no migration in or out of the population   6. No net mutations are occuring   7. Natural selection of beneficial traits is occuring   8. Natural selection is not occuring   9. All mating is completely random   10. Offspring are able to migrate out of the population

The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a species of fish that has both marine and freshwater populations. There are genetic differences between the populations in the different environments. The graph shows the frequency of a certain allele in freshwater and marine populations of stickleback fish. In 1978, scientists studied how the fitness of marine sticklebacks would be affected if they were introduced into a freshwater environment. They collected 90 male and 90 female sticklebacks from a marine population and 10 male and 10 female sticklebacks from a freshwater population. The 200 sticklebacks were introduced into a freshwater environment that had no stickleback fish previously. Which of the following best describes the likely results of the scientists’ investigation of the fitness of the sticklebacks that were originally from a marine environment?

A gene has two alleles that are associated with body mass in an additive manner. The table below shows the mean phenotype for each genotype, along with the frequency of each genotype in a population. Use this information to answer the following questions.   A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Mean mass (kg) 50 55 60 Frequency 0.01 0.18 0.81 a)  How much does this locus contribute to additive genetic variation?   b)A second locus (B) has two alleles (B1 and B2), which are also associated with body mass in an additive manner. Each copy of the B2 allele adds 2 kg of mass. The B2 allele is at a frequency of 0.6 in the same population as the A alleles are found. How much does the B locus contribute to additive genetic variation?