An increase in epinephrine results in: a.   An increase activity of insulin.   b.   An increased activity of protein kinase A.   c.   A decreased level of cAMP.   d.   An increase activity of protein phosphatase.

A patient comes into a hospital emergency room sedated and non-responsive. She had been at a college party where she drank many shots of vodka. What is the most likely explanation for her behavioral and physiological symptoms?   A. The alcohol increased the actions of GABA at the GABA receptor chloride channel   B. The alochol increased dopamine and serotonin activity by running the transporters backwards   C. The alcohol blocked the dopamine reuptake transporter   D. the alcohol activated serotinin autoreceptors in the brain   E. none of the above

All of the following occur during a stress response EXCEPT     a. the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is activated.     b. the adrenal gland releases steroid hormones.     c. an increased output of the heart increases blood flow to the muscles.     d. glucose is made available for energy, due to the effects of epinephrine.   Which of the following is NOT true of axons?     a. They can vary greatly in length     b. Under normal circumstances, they carry information toward the soma     c. Some of them are covered with myelin sheaths     d. They release chemicals that cross the synapse

Which of the following is a property common between endocrine hormones, paracrine hormones, and pheromones? A. They all operate internally within an organism to stimulate different cellular responses. B. They are all secreted by dedicated glands within the endocrine system. C. They are all water-soluble hormones D. Both A and B E. None of the above

A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. Question 1 What is unusual about the receptor for steroid hormones? A. The receptor is located in the cytoplasm but can enter the nucleus once bound to ligand. B. The receptor is embedded in the plasma membrane C. The receptor is located in the cytoplasm but can never enter the nucleus. D. The receptor is located in the lysosome. A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.

Cortisol's permissive effects on epinephrine and norepinephrine.... a. are primarily acting to maintain blood pressure homeostasis b. are primarily acting to upregulate adrenergic receptors c. are primarily acting to increase heart rate d. cortisol does not act permissively on norepinephrine and epinephrine e. are primarily acting to maintain blood glucose concentrations

Suppose you are lost in concentration while studying biology. Suddenly, the phone rings and it  startles you. A. Outline TWO physiological changes due to release of  EACH stress hormone cortisol and epinephrine.             B. What triggers the release of each of these hormones?

The sympathetic postganglionic neurons release only norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla secretes mainly epinephrine (80%) and a small amount of norepinephrine (20%). The sympathetic postganglionic neurons do not secrete epinephrine because; Group of answer choices a. Epinephrine is not as widely used in the nervous system as norepinephrine b. Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) which converts norepinephrine to epinephrine is present in the adrenal medulla, but not in sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic neurons c. Acetylcholine which stimulates the secretion of epinephrine does not act on postganglionic neurons d. Dopamine beta hydroxylase in hyperactive in the adrenal medulla

If a cell were to express both alpha-1 and beta adrenergic receptors what would the expected response to epinephrine/ adrenaline be ?  a. Only cAMP would be released b. Both ca2+ and cAMP would be released c. The receptors would cancel each other and nothing would happen d. Only ca2+ would be released would be released.

Which of the following is not a function of the endocrine system? A. Contributes to homeostatic feedback loops. B. Produces quick effects through electrochemical mechanisms. Shy C. Alters the metabolic activities of many different target tissues and organs. D. Releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.