A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene that causehuman β thalassemia occur within introns or in upstream noncodingsequences. Explain why mutations in these regions oftenlead to severe disease, although they may not directly alter thecoding regions of the gene.

Q: If the following truncated peptide represents the active domain of the COVID19’s S-protein…

A: Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence of an organism. Small changes, such as adding or…

Q: A gene contains 30% thymine. What is the percentage of pyrimidines present in this segment? Explain.

A: Purines and pyrimidines are chemical molecules that play a role in the production of DNA and RNA and…

Q: Most laboratory strains of E. coli contain site-specific DNA methylases. The methylase encoded by…

A: Molecular cloning is the process of making identical copies of a DNA molecule, which can be a gene,…

Q: Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides in length. What…

A: In eukaryotes the template strand of DNA gets transcribed into pre-mRNA by the process known as…

Q: Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect…

A: The mutation is the change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. The point mutation is the mutation…

Q: Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes may be quite large, but almost none are smaller than…

A: An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation…

Q: Describe untranslated regions (UTR).

A: Untranslated region The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product ie the 5'…

Q: In the splicing of group I introns shown, does the 5′ end of the intron have a phosphate group?…

A: Introns are the inert elements in the DNA. They are otherwise said to be non coding regions of DNA…

Q: Linezolid is a new type of antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in several bacterial species…

A: Linezolid is an antibacterial drug used to treat infections caused by resistant strains of…

Q: mitochondrial genes affecting tRNAs. For example, one form of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy,…

A: Mitochondrial diseases ( MELAS) are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disease  it is caused…

Q: Explain why energy is NOT needed for co-translational translocation but IS needed for…

A: Protein translocation can be defined as the process by which peptides are transported across the…

Q: Explain why knowing the orientation of a promoter is critical when determining the amino acid…

A: Promoters are nucleotide sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid that potentially modify binding of RNA…

Q: Some DNA nucleotides are located within the coding regions of genes, where they specify the amino…

A: When transcription activator proteins bind to the regulatory promoter sequences of gene, they…

Q: Describe how polymorphisms is found at 13910-C/T and 22018-G/A in the regulatory area of the lactase…

A: Lactose is the main sugar in milk, which is a disaccharide. It is hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase…

Q: Here is a second human gene, called cxx3. The structure indicates the following: the start and end…

A: RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular technique commonly used to…

Q: High salt concentrations tend to cause protein aggregation. Suggest a way to identify proteins…

A: Introduction: Small, microscopic organisms are well-defined and usually described as known as…

Q: 5 5 S 6 5 5 5 6 U 6 U 6 5:14 PM | 0.2KB/s HHHHH R R U RUUR ARU AP AP R U U R R AP R R R AP…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA from DNA template strands by an enzyme called RNA…

Q: What molecular biology strategy can best be used to determine Inhibition of the splicing of one…

A: In eukaryotic genes, introns exist. They are interstitial sequences (80-10,000 bp). They do not code…

Q: Direct mutagenesis of Ca2+ ATPase gene resulted in the replacement of two amino acid residues -…

A: Ca2+ ATPase is a transmembrane protein found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cells. It…

Q: In the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, there are several different color variants, including…

A: Introns are non-coding sequences and exons are coding sequences in the gene. Splicing is the process…

Q: How many of the mutations listed below would lead to excessive cell growth when the cell was either…

A: Excessive growth occurs when a cell continuously divides and when there is no cell cycle arrest. Myc…

Q: A) Tet-Off B) Tet-On rRTA ITA TRE Target Transgone TRE Target Transgene +Dox +Tc or +Dox tTA ETA TRE…

A: as the diagram shows the tet-on and tet-off system

Q: When the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced.Gcn4…

A: Translation is a process in which a single stranded RNA sequence formed at the end of transcription…

Q: An E. coli lac- mutant (a mutant that cannot grow in the medium containing lactose as only carbon…

A: Operon, is a bacterial and viral genetic regulation system in which genes coding for functionally…

Q: If all members of a transposable element family can besilenced by dsRNA synthesized from a single…

A: nematode cells are infected with short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments (Caenorhabditis…

Q: A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene that cause human b@thalassemia occur within…

A: Introduction: HBB is also known as beta-globin, hemoglobin, etc. It is a globin protein encoded by…

Q: TRUE FALSE EF-Ts factor regenerates EF-Tu/GDP from EF-Tu/GTP for the next round of elongation cycle…

A: There are many biomolecules present in an organism and each biomolecule has a specific role.…

Q: The IMD2 promoter contains three upstream transcription start sites (TSS) that are utilized under…

A: Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMD2) is a key enzyme in the purine biosynthesis pathway that…

Q: The following enzyme has an exact integer number of turns. What is the length and amount of amino…

A: Enzyme are usually composed of proteins while some enzymes are ribozymes (RNA enzymes). Proteins are…

Q: three different types of loss of function mutations and in each case explain how the mutation exerts…

A: A mutation is any alteration of the base sequence of the DNA or RNA. Since mutation alters the base…

Q: Explain how a transcriptional fusion to a reporter gene, combined with site directed mutagenesis,…

A: Studies of gene expression and promoter activity are frequently made easier with the aid of gene…

Q: Describe untranslated regions (UTR).

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding,…

Q: In addition to Tc1, the C. elegans genome contains otherfamilies of DNA transposons such as Tc2,…

A: Transposons are mobile DNA segments. They can replicate and insert copies at various chromosomal…

Q: With age, somatic cells are thought to accumulategenomic “scars” as a result of the inaccurate…

A: A cell is a cytoplasmic structure that's also outwardly attached by a cell membrane. Cells are the…

Q: Explain what would not occur if aminoacyl-tRNA synthatase was mutated and did not function.

A: tRNA or transfer RNA is the carrier RNA which acts as cargo to pick up the proper anticodons for the…

Q: Exon E10 E15 ..... .... RNA (protein) N Give TWO explanations as to how widely separated parts of a…

A: Exon are basically the functional parts of a gene which code for a functional protein. On the other…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.