Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Essential Genetic Structures**
**Question:**
A large molecule of DNA containing genes essential for the survival of an organism is called a/an ___________.
**Options:**
1. Plasmid
2. mRNA
3. Operon
4. Chromosome
**Explanation of Terms:**
- **Plasmid:** A small, circular piece of DNA commonly found in bacteria that is separate from chromosomal DNA. Plasmids can carry beneficial genes for the host organism but are not essential for survival.
- **mRNA (Messenger RNA):** A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. mRNA is not a DNA molecule.
- **Operon:** A unit of DNA consisting of multiple genes under the control of a single promoter. While operons organize gene expression in prokaryotes, they are not large DNA molecules.
- **Chromosome:** A long, continuous thread of DNA that contains numerous genes, regulatory elements, and other nucleotide sequences. In most organisms, chromosomes carry genetic information essential for survival.
**Correct Answer:** Chromosome
**Visual Explanation:**
There is no graph or diagram accompanying this question, simply a list of multiple-choice answers. Each choice is preceded by a small, empty circle allowing the user to select an answer. The options are listed vertically in a simple, clear format making it easy for students to understand and choose their response.
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- The operator of the lactose operon in E. Coli is located: between the promoter and the repressor gene upstream of the promoter between the promoter and the structural genes anywhere on the chromosome among the structural genesarrow_forwardThe lac operon produces: (choose the best answer) OA single mRNA molecule O A single protein OA single mRNA molecule and a single protein O Multiple proteins OA single mRNA molecule and multiple proteinsarrow_forwardThe organization and function of the lac operon in E. coli is shown in the following figures: XXI Transcription Repressor mRNA Translation RNA polymerase M M Flask ZYA XXXX Active M-repressor protein Repressor active, operon off. The repressor protein binds with the operator, preventing transcription from the operon. (a) An inducible operon Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Allolactose (inducer) Carbon/Energy Source 0 Z MInactive repressor protein (a) An inducible operon Transcription Translation XXX Permease B-Galactosidase Transacetylase Operon mRNA 3 Repressor inactive, operon on. When the inducer allolactose binds to the repressor protein, the inactivated repressor can no longer block transcription. The structural genes are transcribed, ultimately resulting in the production of the enzymes needed for lactose catabolism. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Suppose you inoculate three flasks of minimal…arrow_forward
- The DNA region below includes the lac operon. Identify all parts (by letter) that encode PROTEINS? P O Y A 19°tarrow_forwardTranslational control of gene expression in humans regulates the synthesis of: RNA from an RNA template protein from an RNA template DNA from a DNA template protein from a DNA template RNA from a DNA templatearrow_forwardWhat mechanism of RNA regulation is responsible for the two different forms of apolipoprotein B? O Alternative splicing ORNA editing ORNA interference O Covalent modification of RNAarrow_forward
- In the tryptophan operon, if the leader peptide is translated normally A region 2 will pair with region 3 B a rho independent terminator will form. C both a and b D none of the abovearrow_forwardThe promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription. Certain base changes in the promoter result in a mutant site that RNA polymerase can’t bind. Would you expect mutations in the promoter that prevents binding of RNA to act in trans on another copy of the operon on a plasmid or only in cis on the copy immediately adjacent to the mutated site?arrow_forwardIn the tryptophan operon, tryptophan is considered a Group of answer choices coactivator inducer an enhancer corepressor an attenuatorarrow_forward
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