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After quick-characterization by staining, specialized growth media can be used to indicate further biochemical characteristics of an unknown organism. These tests use visual outcomes, such as colors, patterns, and changes in appearance. The results can be interpreted to then assign a characteristic to the unknown organism. For example, a color change may happen when an unknown organism is incubated in a mixed sugar broth. The color could indicate which sugar was (or was not) used by the bacterium for energy.
a) explain in your own words how to perform specialized media tests to find an unknown bacteria
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- Your instructor asks you to isolate and identify the organisms in an unknown culture. You find that the culture contains two gramnegative bacilli that produce swarming colonies. What biochemical test would you use to identify the bacilli? Justify your answer.On which of the following types of media would you expect untransformed bacteria to grow on? LB agar LB agar with ampicillin Untransformed bacteria will not grow on any type of medium. Untransformed bacteria will grow on all three types of media. LB agar with ampicillin and arabinoseMannitol salt agar is often used to distinguish between different species of Staphylococcus, a gram positive bacterium that is well adapted to living on dry, salty skin. Disease-causing strains of Staphylococcus ferment mannitol; non-pathogenic strains cannot use mannitol. Is the medium Defined or Complex?
- There are so many microbes in a single mL of culture, it is very difficult to perform one dilution to produce countable cells. Microbiologists need to perform a dilution series, where multiple dilutions are performed in sequence to arrive at the correct dilution. Dilutions are cumulative. Multiple the series of dilutions together to find the final dilution value. If 3 serial dilutions are performed, each with a value of 0.01, what is the cumulative dilution? Express your answer as an exponent, e.g. 0.1 would be 1e-1 and 0.01 would be 1e-2For the following agar media used, list their significant components and explain how they react. Provide one example of a bacterium that will show change to the components (positive), and one example of a bacterium that will not show change or grow on the medium (negative).A microbiologist has isolated a new strain of bacteria, and is trying to characterize aspects of its growth. Three flasks of the same media have different amounts of NaCl added. Other growth conditions are identical, and the flasks inoculated at the same time. At regular intervals over a 3 hour period, culture samples are taken and turbidity is measured. Here are the absorbance values over time in a table and graphed. Absorbance (OD600) Time (min) 20% NaCl 3% NaCl 0% NaCl 0 0.05 0.05 0.05 30 0.06 0.05 0.05 60 0.075 0.06 0.05 90 0.11 0.07 0.049 120 0.25 0.1 0.048 150 0.5 0.105 0.055 180 0.7 0.11 0.055 210 0.99 0.15 0.06 240 1.22 0.18 0.055 270 1.35 0.19 0.06 300 1.5 0.2 0.06 330 1.6 0.25 0.062 360 1.7 0.3 0.06 Based on these data, which of the following can be determined about this bacterium? It is psychrophilic. It…
- For each of the following situations, describe how bacteria on these growth. media would appear on the plate: A. On MacConkey agar, a bacterium that grows on the medium but is negative for lactose fermentation B. On EMB agar, a bacterium that grows on the medium but is positive for lactose fermentation C. On mannitol salt agar, a bacterium that failed to grow on the medium D. On mannitol salt agar, a bacterium that grew on the medium and fermented mannitolA pure culture was inoculated onto a Mueller-Hinton agar plate. The Kirby-Bauer procedure was performed. One of the drugs tested showed a large zone of inhibition but also had small colonies growing within this zone. Further testing showed that these colonies were not the results of contamination. Why would these colonies be present within this zone of inhibition?As part of an experiment where absorbance values are measured using a spectrophotometer, you are taking readings of your sample every 20 minutes. The non-motile microbe you're testing has a generation time of roughly 20 minutes at an incubation temperature right around room temperature. Things start out fine, with the expected results — as time goes by at the correct incubation temperature, absorbance starts to rise as the medium starts to become more cloudy with growing microorganisms. But roughly 2 hours into the process, you notice that the absorbance levels flatten out, and then start to decrease unexpectedly. What is most likely taking place in your experiment?
- A lab technician is working with a bacterium in pure culture (in 5 ml of liquid media in a test tube). The bacterium is a mesophile that can infect humans. Which of the following is NOT true (with regards to temperature conditions for this bacterial culture)? Lowering the temperature to -10 deg C for at least an hour will likely kill all the bacteria. Placing the tube at 37 deg C will likely facilitate rapid growth of the bacteria. Raising the temperature to 90 deg C for at least an hour will likely kill all the bacteria. Placing the tube at 4 deg C will likely slow or halt growth of the bacteria.Imagine you work for an industrial chemical company and you have been asked to design a novel cleaning agent against a group of microorganisms. Select a specific organism representative of the group you chose, gather information about it, and identify the potential "target" within the organism suitable for your cleanser to attack, discussing how your chemical will control the growth of the organism. Consider things such as concentration, amount of time needed for exposure, or anything else that would influence efficacy.This diagram shows the filter paper method used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of chemical agents, heavy metals, and antibiotics on bacterial growth. A culture of a test bacterium is spread uniformly over the surface of an agar plate. Small filter paper discs containing the material to be tested are then placed on the surface of the medium. A disc that has been soaked in sterile distilled water is sometimes added as a control. After incubation, a lawn (film of growth) will cover the plate, but a clear zone will surround those discs that contain an inhibitory compound. The size of the zone reflects several factors, one of which is the effectiveness of the inhibitory agent. What are two other factors that might affect the size of the zone of inhibition? What is the purpose of the control disc? If a clear area were apparent around the control disc, how would you interpret the observation?