4. Is monopolistic competition efficient? Suppose that a firm produces wooden train engines in a monopolistically competitive market. The following graph shows its demand curve, marginal revenue (MR) curve, marginal cost (MC) curve, and average total cost (ATC) curve. Place a black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the long-run monopolistically competitive equilibrium price and quantity for this firm. Next, place a grey point (star symbol) to indicate the minimum average total cost the firm faces and the quantity associated with that cost. (?) PRICE (Dollars per engine) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 --- 30 20 10 0 MO 0 I 1 I I 10 20 30 ATC 1 I MR Demand 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mon Comp Outcome Min Unit Cost

The graph shows the cost curves, demand curve, and marginal revenue curve of a firm in monopolistic competition. If this firm is maximizing profits, what is the firm's economic profit in millions of dollars? [NOTE: The quantities shown in the graph are in millions. Please enter the number of millions of dollars of economic profit in the statement below.] The firm's economic profit is $ million. 2207 200- 180- 160- 140- 120- 100- 80- 60- 40- 20- Price and cost (dollars per pair) 10+ 0.0 MC MR ATC D 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Quantity (millions of pairs of Uggs per year) 3.0

If the firms in a monopolistically competitive market are earning economic profits or losses in the short run, would you expect them to continue doing so in the long run? Explain your answer Is a monopolistically competitive firm productively efficient? How can you tell? Offer one reason why a monopolistically competitive firm might be productively inefficient. Is it allocatively efficient? How can you tell? Offer one reason why a monopolistically competitive firm might be allocatively inefficient. What stops oligopolists from acting together as a monopolist and earning the highest possible level of profits? Offer two obstacles to oligopolists cooperating.   Aside from advertising, how can monopolistically competitive firms increase demand for their products? What effect would doing this have on the elasticity of the firm’s perceived demand curve? Explain your answers. Would you expect the kinked demand curve to be more extreme (like a right angle) or less extreme (like a…

In one paragraph, explain the pricing factor of competitor pricing. Why does what the competitors charge affect pricing? Consider that some companies charge more or less as the competition for the same product.