4. In a chemical production plant, benzene is made by the reaction of toluene and hydrogen. Reaction is as follows: C7H8 + H₂ C6H6 + CH4 The complete process of producing toluene uses a reactor and a liquid-gas separator. 7820 kg/h toluene and 610 kg/h hydrogen are in the fresh feed. Pure toluene from the separator is fed back to the reactor. The overall conversion of toluene is 78%. Determine the: a. molar flowrates of the product stream, the mixed gas stream, and the recycle stream b. percent mole composition of the mixed gas stream c. percent mole composition of the stream leaving the reactor d. single-pass conversion of toluene Mixed Gas, G Feed, F REACTOR G-L SEPARATOR Toluene Hydrogen Recycle (R) Toluene Product, P Benzene

Alumina from bauxite separation stage calculations A crucial step in the production of aluminum from bauxite ore is the separation of alumina from the remaining mineral impurities in the ore. In the Bayer process this is accomplished by treating bauxite with aqueous NaOH to produce NaAIO2 (alumina). NaOH(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) → NaAIO2(aq) + 2H2O(1) Since NaAIO2 is water soluble while the residual mineral constituents of bauxite are not, a separation can be achieved by allowing the minerals to settle out and decanting the aqueous solution of NAAIO2 and unreacted NaOH. In order to further recover any NAAIO2 entrained in the settled mineral solids, this "mud" is repeatedly washed with water and allowed to settle, and the wash water is decanted. The figure below shows one stage of this washing-settling process. Wash water Slurry - Open to air Mixer/Wash tank Setling tank Decanted solution System boundary Washed mud In this stage, a feed slurry consisting of 10 wt% solids, 11 wt% NaOH, 16 wt%…

Monochlorobenzene (M) is produced commercially by the direct catalytic chlorination of benzene (B) at 50.0 °C and 140.0 kPa absolute. In the process, dichlorobenzene (D) is generated as a co-product: CH6 + Cl2- CgH;CI + HCI CGH5CI + Cl2 – C&H4CI2 + HCI Liquid and gas streams leave the reactor. The liquid contains 39.2 wt% M, 32.6 % D, and the remainder unreacted B. The gas, which is sent to a treatment facility, contains 92.0 %(v/v) HCl and 8 % unreacted chlorine. Assume ideal-gas behavior. Volume of Gas Check stoichiometry and gas behavior. What volume of gas leaves the reactor (m³) per kg B fed? i ! m3

One of the ways that benzene is produced on a large scale is the hydrodealkylation of toluene. C,H,CH; + H, C,H, + CH4 A stream of toluene is mixed with a recycle stream and enters a reactor along with a stream of pure hydrogen. The reaction products at 550 °C enter a condenser, where they are cooled to 41.0 °C. A vapor stream containing Y5CH, = 0.600 mol CH,/mol leaves the process, and a liquid stream containing x66 = 0.810 mol benzene/mol and x6 = 0.190 mol toluene/mol enters a distillation column. The distillate of the column leaves the process at n7 = 668.0 mol/h and contains y7h = 0.9000 mol benzene/mol and y7 = 0.1000 mol toluene/mol. The bottoms of the column contains X8b = 0.250 mol benzene/mol and xgt = 0.750 mol toluene/mol and is recycled back to the fresh feed. Hydrogen is fed into the process at ni = 1183 mol H,/h. This process is carried out at 760 mmHg. A n, mol/h mol H/mol YSH2 YSCH, mol CH_/mol Ysh mol b/mol Ys mol t/mol n̟ mol/h n, mol/h Condenser Улн, тol H/mol Усн,…

#3 The first step in the reaction sequence for the production of nitric acid via the oxidation of ammonia is: 4NH3 + 502 2 4NO + 6H2O 75% conversion is achieved with an equimolar mixture of ammonia and oxygen fed at the rate of 100 mol/h. Determine the outlet compositions. (Hint: determine the limiting reactant).

Review | Constants | PeriIodic Table The standard heat of formation, Ar H°, is defined as the enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of substance from its constituent elements in their standard states. Thus, elements in their standard states have AfH® =0. Heat of formation values can be used to calculate the enthalpy change of any reaction. Part A For which of the following reactions is A,H° equal to Ar H° of the product(s)? Consider, for example, the reaction You do not need to look up any values to answer this question. 2NO(g) + O2(9) = 2NO2(9) Check all that apply. with heat of formation values given by the following table: • View Available Hint(s) Substance (kJ mol-1) NO(9) O C(s) + 02 (9)→CO2(9) 90.2 O2 (9) O Li(s) + F2(1)→LIF(s) NO2(9) 33.2 O Li(s) + F2(9)→LİF(s) O 2Li(s) +F2(9)→2LİF(s) Then the heat of formation for the overall reaction is A,H°= EnpAf H° (products)- nA¢H° (reactants) O CO(g) + ÷O2(9)→CO2(9) 2(33.2) [2(90.2) + 0] -114 kJ mol-1 O BaCO3(s)→BA0(s) + CO2(9)…

Use the chemical reaction below to answer the following questions HCI(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (I) AH298 = -58 kJ/mol (a) How much heat is produced when 200 mL of 0.3 M HCL (density = 1.00 g/mL) and 250 mL of 0.25 M NaOH (density = 1.00 g/mL) are mixed? (b) If both of the solutions at the same temperature and the heat capacity of the products are 5.39 J/g °C , how much will the temperature increase? (c) What assumptions are made when calculating your answers

A feed stream containing 15% wt solids and 85% wt water is introduced in a certain process where the solids are being crushed. The crushed solids and preservatives are mixed in a 4:5 mass ratio and the mixture is heated to evaporate water. The residue has 1/3 water by mass. write step by step process: how many unknowns how many independent equations can be made? calculate the mass fraction of the solids in the product stream after producing 100 g of the product residue. Report your answer to 4 decimal places.

Fresh methanol (CH3OH) reactant is combined with recycled reactant and vaporized before being sent to a fixed-bed reactor. The reactor effluent is then cooled before being sent to the first of two distillation columns. DME (CH3)2O product is taken overhead from the first column. The second column separates the water from the unused methanol. The methanol is recycled back to the front end of the process, and the water is sent to wastewater treatment to remove trace amounts of organic compounds. Draw a block flow diagram for this process. The main reaction is 2CH3OH → (CH3)2O + H2O

Benzaldehyde is produced from toluene by the following catalytic reaction : C6H5CH3 + O2 → C6H5CHO + H2O Dry air and toluene vapor are fed to the reactor at 350 F and 1 atm. Air is supplied 100% in excess. Of the toluene that is fed to the reactor, 13% reacts to form benzaldehyde and 0.5% reacts with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O. The gases produced leave the reactor at 379 F and 1 atm. Water is circulated through the jacket surrounding the reactor, and it enters at 20 ° C and exits at 55 ° C. Calculate: a. Moles of benzaldehyde formed (mol)?Note: Do not use decimals for your answer. b. Moles of toluene that did not react (mol)? c. Moles of water generated (mol)? d. Moles of carbon dioxide generated (mole)? e. Moles of oxygen that do not react (mol)?  f. Reactor heat transfer rate (kJ / h) g. Cooling water flow rate (cm3 / h) Data: Δhvap benzaldehyde (179 ° C) = 38.40 kJ / mol Cp benzaldehyde (Liq) = 59.42x10-2 kJ / mol Cp benzaldehyde (vap) = 40.05x10-2 kJ / mol