4 and 5 1. Differentiate the genotype and phenotype of a cell.2. If deoxyribonucleotides that lack the 3'-OH groupsare added during the replication process, what do youexpect will occur?3. Why is it more likely that insertions or deletions willbe more detrimental to a cell than point mutations?4. Describe what happens when a nonsense mutationis introduced into the gene encoding transposasewithin a transposon.5. A pure culture of an unknown bacterium wasstreaked onto plates of a variety of media. You noticethat the colonymorphology is strikingly different on plates of minimalmedia with glucose compared to that seen ontrypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain thesedifferences in colony morphology?mplete the tablo holow 15 ptc pachl

Mutations are sudden changes to the DNA sequence of an organism that is the result of errors during…

Answered: 4. Describe what happens when a…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13TYK

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6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…
11. The segment of DNA below contains three exons and two introns. The length of each section is as follows: Exon 1: 90 base pairs Exon 2: 110 base pairs Exon 3: 70 base pairs Intron 1: 180 base pairs Intron 2: 120 base pairs Initiation Site Intron 1 Promoter Exon 1 Intron2 Exon 3 Termination Site A. How long will the coding region of the processed mRNA transcript be? (Remember that stop codons are indeed transcribed into mRNA.) B. How many amino acids will be included in the translated protein? (Careful!) X PolyA site Exon 2
18. While studying a human patient with hemophilia, you have discovered that the second exon of the gene is interrupted by a 2-kb long sequence which has inverted repeats at the ends. Which of the following is true about this mutation? a. It is likely to be caused by integration of an RNA transposon c. It is equally likely to be caused by integration of a DNA or RNA transposon d. It is likely caused by a replication error e. It is likely caused by unequal crossing over
1. Determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ 2. how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. 3. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used 4. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain.
1. Are each of the following mutations silent, missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, why? The original coding DNA strand is: 5’-ATGGGACTAGATACC-3’. 2. 5’-ATGGGTCTAGATACC-3’ 3. 5’-ATGGGACTAAGATACC-3’ 4. 5’-ATGTGACTAGATACC-3’ 5. 5’-ATGGGACTAGTTACC-3’
1. What mRNA sequence is synthesized from a section of DNA that is 3’-TTGACCT-5’? 2. In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA? 3. Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first to make protein from DNA?
1. A DNA base sequence transcribed into messenger RNA in the following sequence: TTATCTTCGGGAGAGAAAACA. a. If you read from left to right, what amino acids are coded by this sequence? (Note: The initiation sequence is disregarded in this example.) b. If proflavine treatment caused the deletion of the first adenine nucleotide on the left, describe the changes that would occur in the first six amino acids coded by this sequence?
3. In the DNA segment 5'-ATGAGGCATGAGACG-3' (coding strand) 3'-TAСТССGTACTСTGC-5' (template strand) What products would be formed from the segment's replication? Write the mRNA sequence that would be obtained from the segment's transcription. What is the amino acid sequence of the peptide produced from the mRNA?
7. Scientists studying the genetics of a congenital discase analyzed the chromosomes of the patient and found a large portion of chromosome twenty-three in 188 Chapter 3. Gene expression and protein synthesis chromosome one, and a small part of chromosome one in chromosome twenty- three. What type of mutation is this? To answer the question, please explain: 1) what the mutation is? 2) what types of mutation do you know?
1. Transcribe and translate the mutated DNA sequences, CIRCLE the mutation, and classify each type of mutation as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution AND the effects of the mutation as either frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense. ۷۷۷۷ Original Sequence: mRNA sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: MET-TRP – ASN - ARG - CYS - STOP Mutated Sequence #1: mRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Type of Mutation: Mutation Effect: Mutated Sequence #2: mRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Type of Mutation: Mutation Effect: TACAC CTT G G C G A CG ACT AUGUG GAA C C G C UG CUGA TACAT CTTG G C G A C G ACT TAC GAC CTT G G C G A CG ACT First base of codon C A UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG U AUU AUC >Phe Leu >Leu ACU ACC AUA ACA AUG Met ACG GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG lle Second base of codon C A - Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG >Ser >Pro Thr Ala UAU UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA Lys AAG LYS GAU GAC Asp GAA >Glu GAG З туг >His G UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU Asn AGC- AGA AGG. GGU GGC…
1. Describe several different DNA repair mechanisms. Which ones contribute to mutations? 2. What is the difference between an ortholog and a paralog
6. The starting sequence of a gene changed from AUGTTCGACGTG, to AUGTTTTCGACGTG What type of mutation is this? To answer the question, please explain: I) what the mutation is? 2) what types of mutation do you know? 3) what are the possible outcomes of mutations? 14

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