3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?
3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Chapter16: Human Genetics And The Human Genome
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 6TYU
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Transcribed Image Text:3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of
red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes
for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In
sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or
sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in
blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the
severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to
be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele
frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a
population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high
and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6
homozygous recessive individuals.
a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle
cell trait?
Recall these steps to test your hypothesis:
Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the
genotype counts.
● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype
frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a
Chi-square test
Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.|
b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive
evolution best explains the variation you observed?
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