20. The image above reveals two bacterial cells in the process of A. cell lysis B. transduction C. conjugation D. transformation D. transformation E. budding

Q: 23. Plasmids _________.   A. exist independently of the bacterial chromosome   B. are common in…

A: Bacterial genome can be chromosomal or extrachromosomal in nature.

Q: 10. The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to make uracil from simpler compounds…

A: Based on the complementation test results, we can determine the number of different genes…

Q: Antisense therapeutics are important because: Select one: a. They only act at the ribosome O b. They…

A: Therapeutics Therapeutic is the medicinal branch dealing with the prevention and treatment of…

Q: 7. Penicillin is one the first antibiotic ever discovered, and has been used since the 1940s. a.…

A: Sir Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist discovered Penicillin accidently while working in a…

Q: Spontaneous mutations   a happen when the cell is exposed to UV light   b happen when the cell is…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: Mutations

A: With the improvement in technology, humans are now able to alter the basic features of an organism…

Q: 4. Some transposases use extensive DNA replication to leave one copy of the element behind in a…

A: Trnasposases are the enzymes that identify the inverse terminal repeat sequences within the DNA and…

Q: Human growth hormone is being researched as a potential anti-aging drug. What is the most likely way…

A: The brain's pituitary gland naturally produces human growth hormone also referred to as somatropin.…

Q: A bacteria contains the gene for the lac operon, an enzyme that is produced in the presence of…

A: The lac operon is a fragment of DNA found in microscopic organisms that incorporates qualities…

Q: 20. Which of the following are characteristics of bacterial plasmids? a. Useful cloning vectors b.…

A: The plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria located in the cytoplasm of an organism.…

Q: 7. Some toxins block the synthesis of mRNA or proteins. Why would this effect be toxic, and how…

A: mRNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein, carrying the genetic information encoded…

Q: 2. Compare and contrast translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A: 1. Most qualities contain the data expected to make useful atoms called proteins. (A couple of…

Q: 3. What would a growth curve of the chlamydia bacteria look like starting from Sammys initial…

A: **3. Growth Curve of Chlamydia Bacteria:**To draw a growth curve of the Chlamydia bacteria starting…

Q: You mix a culture of killed ampicillin-resistant Staphylococcus bacteria with some live E. coli…

A: Recombination in bacteria: a. The term recombination refers to the exchange of genetic material…

Q: 3. Label the following elements of the figure below: lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle,…

A: Introduction  The lag phase, the log phase, the stationary phase, and the death phase are the four…

Q: The flow of genetic information usually takes place from a) RNA to DNA to proteins b) proteins to…

A: In most organisms, genetic information is in the form of deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA), while in some…

Q: 8. Some antibiotics work by preventing protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to their ribosomes.…

A: Multiple choice answer is given below:

Q: 6. The uptake of DNA into the bacterial cell is facilitated by_ a. Calcium chloride b. Magnesium…

A: DNA is an organic molecule that includes genetic information as well as instructions for protein…

Q: 3. If genes for bacterial antibiotic resistance are spread via plasmids, which process is involved?…

A: Gene transfer refer to the movement of genetic information between organisms. Gene transfer can be…

Q: 31.  AN ENZYME WHICH IS A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND DIALYZABLE?   A. APOENZYME  B. HOLOENZYME  C.…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 1. Photoreactivation of a ultraviolet-damaged DNA requires A. no enzymatic catalyst B. a photon of…

A: We are authorized to answer only one question at a time, since you have not mentioned which question…

Q: 1.a How does a cell recognize which strand is the sense strand? b. How does the RNA polymerase…

A: One of the important process in central dogma. It is a process of making a RNA copy using DNA; it is…

Q: How does chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial translation ? Group of answer choices changes shape of…

A: Antimicrobial agents are drugs that are routinely used to treat microbial illnesses. Antimicrobial…

Q: 1. This template strand has a mutation in its complement. Which letter is incorrect? TGACGT ACTCCA

A: The structure of DNA is a double stranded helix. Both strands are made up of nucleotides which have…

Q: 2. [1] Which of the following are NOT necessary components of a. Anticodon b. Polymerase c. Ligase…

A: when the process of transcription completed of DNA to RNA in the nucleus of the cell, ribosomes in…

Q: 31. In the theory of endosymbiosis, the original host cell that engulfed and aerobically respiring…

A: Endosymbiotic theory The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast.…

Q: 1. A new drug was developed to inhibit RNA transcription of a new strain of bacteria infected in…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: Write a brief description about the antibiotics that inhibit DNA transcription including during…

A: Quinolones are a key group of antibiotics that interfere with DNA synthesis by inhibiting…

Q: It is known that RNA is a nucleic acid responsible for the synthesis of proteins. However, there is…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: 1. The SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing Covid-19) has an RNA genome, which is replicated using an…

A: Viruses contain nucleic acid/ribonucleic acid in the core region while the exterior/ envelope…

Q: One cell transfers a plasmid to another by_______ . a. binary fission c. conjugation b.…

A: A plasmid is a tiny extrachromosomal DNA molecule that can replicate independently of chromosomal…

Q: 98) The influenza virus is a. Segmented genome with a ds RNA b. Segmented genome with a negative…

A: Influenza virus is a member of orthomyxoviridae.

Q: 6. Which are responsible for the template in the synthesis of proteins which in turn control the…

A: The protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. The protein synthesis activity and…

Q: 1. Compare the three mechanisms of gene transferin bacteria: transformation, conjugation,…

A: Genetic engineering permits the genetic material (DNA) to be transferred between organisms moreover…

Q: Rolling circle replication is important for: plaese explain why you chooice the answer  a. A.…

A: A method of unidirectional nucleic acid replication called rolling circle replication (RCR) can…

Q: 1. What is a mutation? A. the specific sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA B. a change in the…

A: A mutation arise spontaneously at low frequency owing to chemical instability of purine and…

Q: What makes CRISP particularly useful compared to other genetic engineering techniques? A. CRISPR can…

A: CRISPR stands for Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. It is a gene editing…

Q: 2. The following DNA sequence corresponds to the complete coding sequence of a gene three-amino acid…

A: To obtain the anticodon sequences, we need to convert the complementary DNA sequence to RNA by…

Q: 1. In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?   a. Mixing a heat-killed…

A: Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, was the first experiment suggesting…

Q: Explain the concept of selective toxicity. How does it apply to the development of antibiotics?

A: Medicines known as antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals.…

Q: Bacteriophage are very specific in the types of cells they can infect. Some see this as a possible…

A: A bacteriophage  also known informally as a phage  is a virus that infects and replicates within…

Q: In lytic cycle of bacteriophage replication a. bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA b. viral DNA…

A: The viral particles are obligate parasites. They lack the cell machinery required for propagation or…

Q: The DNA strand opposite the template for transcription is known as the A. sense strand B. antisense…

A: Transcription is the process of transcribing genetic codes from one strand of DNA into RNA. To make…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.