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- 1.What type of mutation is seen here? WT: 5′-AUG GCU AGA GUU GAA AAA-3′ Mutant: 5′-AUG GGU AGA GUU GAA AAA-3′ Group of answer choices a. Transition b. Tranversion c. Insertion d. Deletion 2. Dr. Doom wants to prevent a cell from entering the lysogenic pathway, which gene controlled by PRM would Dr. Doom target for inactivation? Group of answer choices a. cII b. cro c. cI d. QLabel this flow chart of mutagenesis: 3 2 Replication Eppoes mutation' Column A Column B 1. 1 a. DNA damage by mutagens. 2. b. Proliferation. 3. 3 c. Correct repair. 4 d. The cell attempts to repair the DNA. e. Permanent change to the DNA sequence. f. Incorrect repair. 6. 6 g. Benign tumor. h. Metastasis. i. No change to the DNA sequence. in 4. 5.1. This complex assembles and organizes nucleosomes and contributes to gene repression Group of answer choices a. SWR1 Complex b. ISWI Complex c. SWI/SNF Complex d. SWI Complex 2. A DNA lesion occurring when the deoxyribose molecule loses an adenine or a guanine base. Group of answer choices a. Depurination b. Deamination c. Depyrimination d. Denaturation 3. The difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide is: Group of answer choices a. Nucleotides contains deoxyribose sugar and nucleosides contain ribose sugar b. A nucleoside consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleotide has sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. c. A nucleotide consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleoside has sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. d. Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication
- 1. The production of arginine is terminated by the presence of excess arginine. State which phenomenon is responsible for this outcome. Explain the phenomenon in brief. 2. Suppose, a group of scientists developed a recombinant enzyme having mutations in its active site. Do you think, the activity of an enzyme would differ from the wild type? 3. Which part of the cell has a model structure of a fluid mosaic? Why do you think this happens?1. UV light damages DNA by the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Draw the detailed chemical structure of a pyrimidine dimer and explain why the formation of such aberrant structures results in tumor-enabling genomic instability. 2. Use your own words to define ultraviolet light. Include a comparison of naturally-occurring vs artificial UV. What is UV-A? UV-B? UV-C? Which one(s) is (are) the most damaging to DNA? Why? Which one(s) are most likely to lead to a mutation in skin cells? Why? What type of UV light is used in tanning beds?9. Answer BOTH parts of this question. Give an appraisal of prokaryote cell lines as recombinant polypeptide expression systems. (a) Evaluate the benefits and hindrances associated with protein PEGylation. (b)
- 4. Consider the process of conjugation. Describe the process in terms of the cell that donates the genetic material and the cell that receives it. For full credit, include and define any key vocabulary words needed to understand the process.7. The coding region of the human insulin gene includes an (endoplasmic reticulum) ER signal sequence. a. Why is the presence of the ER signal sequence necessary? You wish to express human insulin in a bacterial cell using recombinant DNA technology. Steps of the procedure include: 1. insert the human insulin gene into a plasmid, 2. transform the plasmid into bacteria cells, 3. grow transformed bacterial cells in culture conditions that allow for expression of the insulin gene, 4. collect the cells and lyse them for purification of the desired human insulin protein. b. Regarding the first step, is it necessary to include the ER signal sequence in the DNA fragment coding for the human insulin gene? Briefly explain your answer. c. Why is cloning with restriction enzymes that leave sticky ends more efficient than cloning with restriction enzymes that leave blunt ends? d. In step 2 you need to select for cells that have taken up the plasmid DNA. How can you differentiate between cells with…1. Below is the abstract from a journal article "De novo methylation of CpG island sequences in human fibroblasts overexpressing DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase" by Vertino et al. Read it and answer the following questions. Recent studies showing a correlation between the levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)- methyltransferase (DNA MTase) enzyme activity and tumorigenicity have implicated this enzyme in the carcinogenic process. Moreover, hypermethylation of CpG island-containing promoters is associated with the inactivation of genes important to tumor initiation and progression. One proposed role for DNA MTase in tumorigenesis is therefore a direct role in the de novo methylation of these otherwise unmethylated CpG islands. In this study, we sought to determine whether increased levels of DNA MTase could directly affect CpG island methylation. A full-length CDNA for human DNA MTase driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter was w ww constitutively expressed in human bro lasts. Individual…
- 1. Below is the abstract from a journal article “De novo methylation of CpG island sequences in human fibroblasts overexpressing DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase” by Vertino et al. Read it and answer the following questions. Recent studies showing a correlation between the levels of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (DNA MTase) enzyme activity and tumorigenicity have implicated this enzyme in the carcinogenic process. Moreover, hypermethylation of CpG island-containing promoters is associated with the inactivation of genes important to tumor initiation and progression. One proposed role for DNA MTase in tumorigenesis is therefore a direct role in the de novo methylation of these otherwise unmethylated CpG islands. In this study, we sought to determine whether increased levels of DNA MTase could directly affect CpG island methylation. A full-length cDNA for human DNA MTase driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter was constitutively expressed in human fibroblasts. Individual clones…a. Pfu Polymerase b.dNTPs c.Buffer Match each component above to the correct function(s) listed below. Write your selection(s) for each component. You may have more than one answer for each. 1. unwinds DNA 2. synthesizes new DNA strands 3. enzymatically catalyzes Quikchange 4. nucleotide source for new DNA strands 5. Energy source for reaction(s) 6. Repairs errors in base pair matching 7. Maintains pH and salt levels 8. Creates polymer chains1. You are studying a variant in a gene controlling wing development, Wng, in Drosophila. Using analysis software, you can see that the variant changes the protein product’s amino acid sequence, but homozygotes for this variant express a WNG protein that functions normally. Which term best describes the effect of this variant? conditional mutation gain of function mutation loss of function mutation neutral mutation synonymous mutation 2. In base excision repair, Photolyase breaks bonds between pyrimidines & Purines Single-stranded binding proteins are used to stabilize the unwound helix. Mut H recognizes the demythylated state, and removes the base DNA Glycolase removes the damaged nitrogenous base 3. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of individual chromosomes. Which of the following is not an example of aneuploidy? Nullisomy Trisomy Monosomy Polysomy Tetrasomy