The next morning, Angela and Sammy went to their lecture hall for introductory biology. The class was filled with hundreds of students trying to pile in, and the pair quickly took seats near the front of the room. The rest of the syllabus week went by quickly, and the semester was well underway until one day Sammy started to feel really sick. Angela knocked on the bathroom door and asked, "Sammy, you okay? What are you doing in there? You've been in the bathroom a long time and I need to shower before class." Sammy groaned, "Ugh, no. I don't know, something weird is going on. It really hurts to pee." "What? Really? That's not good. You know there's a health clinic here, right? It's actually right down the road," Angela replied. Sammy soon found her way to the women's health clinic. During her appointment, the nurse asked Sammy a bunch of uncomfortable questions, such as, "Have you been sexually active in the last year?" Sammy nervously replied, "Um, yeah." The nurse quickly filled out an online report and then followed up with more questions. "So in the past 12 months, how many sexual partners have you had?" "Well, just the one," said Sammy. The nurse continued, "Is this a past or current partner?" "Past, but it was weeks ago." "Did you use any kind of protection?" "No." "Have you ever been tested for sexually transmitted diseases?" "No." The nurse explained that she would perform a vaginal swab in order to screen for different types of sexually transmit- ted diseases (STDs), including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas. She also suggested doing blood work to test for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. She explained to Sammy, "Many people who contract STDs have no symptoms at all, and if symptoms such as abnormal discharge or burning during urination do appear, they may not even occur until several weeks after sex with an infected partner. This can lead people who are asymptomatic to spread the STD to other partners without knowing it. It's always a good idea to get tested at least once during the year if you are sexually active. We'll get the results from your blood work and vaginal swab in one to two days, and we'll let you know what our next steps will be for treatment, if necessary. If you do need any treatment, we'll set up a follow-up appointment and get you taken care of." The next day, Sammy's test results came back from the health clinic and she was officially diagnosed with chlamydia. When she returned to the health clinic, she was given a prescription for an antibiotic treatment of doxycycline. The nurse told her to take one antibiotic pill in the morning and one pill at night for seven days straight. Two days into Sammy's treatment, she started to feel better. She tried to follow the instructions given by the nurse, but things were getting hectic with her schoolwork, so on the third morning she forgot to take a morning pill. The next night, she took two pills to compensate. On the fourth day of her treatment, Sammy forgot to take the antibiotics. Since she had been feeling better anyway, she stopped taking the antibiotic pills altogether. It was almost two weeks later when in the middle of the night, Sammy woke up with a stabbing pain in her lower abdomen. She got up to go to the bathroom, but it hurt so much to pee. She called out in pain, "Angela! Can you help me get to the health clinic?" Angela woke up and tried to help Sammy out of the bathroom, but Sammy could barely stand up. She touched Sammy's forehead and found that Sammy was burning up. Angela was very worried about her and replied, "It's like 1 am and they're definitely not open. Maybe we should go to the hospital. Something could be really wrong." Figure 1a. Initial chlamydia infection. Figure 1b. Three days into the doxycycline treat treatment. Figure 1c. Sammy stops taking her antibiotic pills. Figure 1d. One week after the doxycycline treatment. Figure 1e. Two weeks after the doxycycline treatment.

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4. What is the name of the process by which bacteria pick up a different organism’s geneticmaterial?5. Genetically, how does the original bacterial DNA (plasmid) differ from the final bacterial DNAmolecule? (Do not say, “It is longer.”)6. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is prescribed to kill bacterial infections. The transformedbacterial cell that you created has the tetracycline resistant gene in it. If this cell is placed on agrowth medium with tetracycline, will the bacteria grow or die? Explain.

2. Please help answer this question and show all work, thank you so much.

6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…

Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes that cleave duplex (double-stranded) DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. The mode of replication of the animal virus SV40 has been investigated by using restriction endonucleases that cleave SV40 DNA into a number of unique segments. Like most viruses, SV40 DNA is circular. The map positions of the 11 fragments produced by a pair of restriction endonucleases are shown on the next page. Immediately following a 5 or 10 minute pulse of radioactively labeled thymidine, labeled SV40 molecules that have completed replication during the pulse are isolated. These newly replicated DNA molecules are digested by the restriction endonucleases and the resulting fragments are analyzed for the relative amounts of pulse label they contain. The results are in the table below. Assume that at the time the label was added there was a random population of replicating SV40 DNA molecules in all possible stages of synthesis. From the information given below,…

1c) T. aquaticus genomic DNA is 34.3% guanosine nucleotides. What fraction of the DNA is adenosine nucleotides? 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Fraction of DNA

3. Which of the following is not an important characteristic of a bacterial plasmid vector (shown)? (4) Plasmid pBR322 Host: E.com Ampicillin resistance- reporter gene lamp O Orgh of replication Hrdl +-Dants San Tetracycline rositance reporter gene (7) It should have the ability to integrate into the host's genome. It should have a reporter gene. It should have a gene for a selectable marker. O It should be small in size. O It should have the ability to amplify the gene being carried by producing many copies within the host cell. See Concept 13.2: DNA Can Genetically Transform Cells and Organisms