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- a. From experimental data obtained in Figure 1, construct a plot and equation that determines the rate constant, kM, of the MOX activity in conditions A and B of growth culture of H. polymorpha on methanol. Justify the selection of plot and findings. b. From the data behaviour presented in Figure 1, describe the enzymatic activity of MOX. What factors may influence the enzymatic activity of MOX at different condition batch cultures of H. polymorpha.Which substrate is the best substrate for chymotrypsin? O N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester with Km of 8.2 x 102 M and keat of 2.1 x 102 sec 1. O N-acetylmethionine ethyl ester with Km of 12.3 x 102 M and keat of 2.1 x 1o sec1. O N-acetylleucine ethyl ester with Km of 8.2 x 10o2 M and kcat of 4.1 x 102 sec1. O N-acetylalanine ethyl ester with Km of 4.1 x 101 M and kcat of 4.1 x 101 sec.PTP1B Substrate kcat Km kcat/Km UM 10-7 x (s-1 M) DADEPYLIPQQG DADAPYLIPQQG DAAEPYLIPQQG AAAAPYLIPQQG 44.6 + 1.8 39.8 + 0.32 3.9 + 0.9 13.7 + 0.46 1.1 + 0.25 0.29 + 0.01 35.3 + 0.22 6.6 ± 0.22 0.53 + 0.02 34.7 + 0.25 52.7 ± 0.7 0.066 + 0.001 (d) (. ) The units for kcat/KM in the above are given according to standard scientific notation. On this basis what is the value of this kinetic parameter for the DADEPYLIPQQG substrate?
- 2. The two diagrams to the right il- lustrate plots of steady-state ki- netic studies to characterize the in- FB 0.8- nH = 3.5 0.6- teraction of heart muscle phos- phofructokinase-1 with a non-phy- siological, synthetic substrate fruc- tose-6-sulfate. Because the kcat is smaller than that for the natural 0.4- 0.2- 10 μΜ 20 μΜ 48 μΜ substrate, higher enzyme concen- trations could be used. The results show the influence of increasing 2- 3.2- 0.4- concentrations of ATP on the initial -0.6- > velocity of the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the presence of no AMP (•), 10 µM AMP (•), 20 µM AMP (-), and 48 µM AMP (-). -0.8- 4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 [AΤP (μΜ) log[ATP] (µM) (a) how ATP interacts with the enzyme in the case of no AMP (•). Write the reaction in words catalyzed by the enzyme for the alternative substrate, describe (b) with respect to the binding of AMP and ATP to the allosteric effector sites on the enzyme. Explain the physical significance of the…2. The two diagrams to the right il- lustrate plots of steady-state ki- netic studies to characterize the in- teraction of heart muscle phos- phofructokinase-1 with a non-phy- siological, synthetic substrate fruc- tose-6-sulfate. Because the kcat is smaller than that for the natural 5 0.8- NH = 3.5 0.6- 0.4- 0.2- 10 μΜ 20 μΜ 48 µM substrate, higher enzyme concen- trations could be used. The results show the influence of increasing 2 0.2- 0.4- concentrations of ATP on the initial -0.6- > velocity of the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the presence of no -0.8F 4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 .2 2.0 2.4 ΑMP () , 10 μΜ AMP (+ ) 20 μΜ AMP (-), and 48 µM AMP (-). [AΤP] (μΜ) log[ATP] (µM) (a) . Write the reaction in words catalyzed by the enzyme for the alternative substrate, describe how ATP interacts with the enzyme in the case of no AMP (•). (b) ! with respect to the binding of AMP and ATP to the allosteric effector sites on the enzyme. Explain the physical significance of the displacement…i) Re-arrange the Michaelis Menten equation so it involves the ratio [S]. Show all steps beginning Km noting any assumptions or required conditions. Km ii) Calculate the ratio [lo for the case when the rate of product formation is 68% of Vmax and the substrate is in great excess. d[P] dt : k₂ with = [E],[S] Km+[S]' [S]o Km iii) Explain, in a few sentences, why the ratio determines the ratio V Vmax V Vmax Begin by explaining the meaning of stating simply "it's the ratio...." is not sufficient. Include in your explanation the factors that effect v and Vmax. Consider what factors make v different from or equal to Vmax. Consider what Km represents concerning processes involving ES. " iv) Calculate KM at 310K at given the following rate constant information: k₁ = 17 s-¹M-1 at 300K with A = 7300 s-¹M-1 K-1₁ 6 s¹ at 300K with A = 14500 s -1 k₂ = 31 s¹ at 300K with A = 600 s-¹
- PTP1B Substrate kcat Km. kcat/Km UM 10-7 x (s-1 M) DADEPYLIPQQG DADAPYLIPQQG DAAEP YLIPQQG AAAAPYLIPQQG 44.6 + 1.8 39.8 + 0.32 3.9 + 0.9 13.7 + 0.46 1.1 + 0.25 0.29 + 0.01 35.3 + 0.22 6.6 + 0.22 0.53 + 0.02 34.7 + 0.25 52.7 + 0.7 0.066 + 0.001 ) The units for kcat/KM in the above are given according to standard scientific notation. On this (d) ( basis what is the value of this kinetic parameter for the DADEPYLIPQQG substrate?2. The two diagrams to the right il- lustrate plots of steady-state ki- 5FA 0.8 netic studies to characterize the in- nH = 3.5 0.6- teraction of heart muscle phos- phofructokinase-1 with a non-phy- siological, synthetic substrate fruc- tose-6-sulfate. Because the kcat is 0.4- 0.2- smaller than that for the natural 10 μΜ 20 μΜ 48 μΜ substrate, higher enzyme concen- trations could be used. The results show the influence of increasing 0.2 0.4 concentrations of ATP on the initial -0.6- > velocity of the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the presence of no -0.8 4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 1.2 2.0 2.4 AMP (•), 10 µM AMP (•), 20 µM AMP (-), and 48 µM AMP (). [ΑΤPΙ (μM) log[ATP] (µM) (а) how ATP interacts with the enzyme in the case of no AMP (•). Write the reaction in words catalyzed by the enzyme for the alternative substrate, describe (b) with respect to the binding of AMP and ATP to the allosteric effector sites on the enzyme. Explain the physical significance of the displacement of the…On the right the Hill plot com- (b) pares the O2 binding properties of Hb Ya- kima with those of HbA in 0.1 M NaCl buff- Hb-Yakima ered to pH 7 with 0.01 M bis-Tris. Focus first on the line for "stripped Hb". This is the term for hemoglobin isolated from erythro- cytes with removal of all organic phosphate molecules that might bind to the protein in RBCS. You can see that 2,3-bisphospho- glycerate (BPG; labeled DPG according to old terminology) does not alter the O2 bind- ing affinity of Hb Yakima in contrast to HbA (although it was shown that BPG did bind to the deoxyHb Yakima molecule). Also, Hb Yakima is associated with markedly decreased allostery in the absence and presence of BPG, in comparison to HbA. IHP = inositol hexaphosphate, an artificial allosteric modifying ligand that binds more tightly than BPG. stripped Hb Hb-A •DPG +DPG n= 1.0 n = 2.3 n=2,5 +THP +IHP 0.5 0.5 1 5 10 50 po, ( mm Hg ) %3D On the right is a diagram copied from the lecture handout "Hemoglobin and Allo-…
- roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)Give a more in deapth explaination16. The overall reaction for the glycolysis reaction is C6H₁2O6(aq) + 2NAD+ (aq) + 2ADP³(aq) + 2HPO(aq) + 2H₂O(1) 2CH3COCO₂ (aq) + 2NADH(aq) + 2ATP4 (aq) + 2H3O+ (aq). What is A,G at chemical equilibrium?
