1. Recognize the following types of biomolecules when given images such as the ones below and on the next page:

6. Consider the following proteins to answer the questions below: Protein Size (kDa) ε at 280 nm 10 7000 14000 3000 50000 A B C D 50 10 50 pl 4 4 8 8 Red Colored? Yes No No No a. Sketch the UV-Vis spectrum of each pure protein (A, B, C, and D) from 240- 480 nm if they were all present at 20 µM. Note: I want four clearly labeled spectra on one plot.

12. The sugars glucose, fructose, and inositol all have the same formula i.e. C6H12O6 yet they have 3 very similar but different structures. This is an example of: a) geometric isomers b) structural isomers c) stereo isomers d) none are correct

6. Consider the following proteins to answer the questions below: Protein Size (kDa) pl ε at 280 nm 10 4 7000 50 4 14000 10 8 3000 50 8 50000 A B C C Red Colored? Yes No No No b. Describe a two-step purification procedure that could be used to purify/isolate protein A from the other proteins. In your response, describe the type of chromatography used, the pH of buffer needed, and a labeled chromatogram (include absorbances at both 280 and 400 nm). Make sure you note which "fraction/sample" is needed from the first step to proceed/use for the second step. Use another page if necessary.

a. Why is it important to eat food containing antioxidants? Write at leasttwo reactions to prove the answer. b. Write in four ways the following nucleotide sequence: ATGCA. c.  Explain i. Hoogsteen pairing & ii. Hyperchromic effectiii. Epimers Iv. Mutarotaton v. Aldose vi. Anomers vii. Mutarotation

6. A control phospholipid membrane is isolated in which the phospholipid tails all have an 18-C chain length and are comprised of a 50:50 mixture of saturated and unsaturated tails. In addition, about 25% of the lipids are fluorescently labeled on the head groups. a) Draw a single plot of Fluidity vs. Temperature that contains the expected curves for: Control phospholipid (line- -) Control supplemented with 18-C saturated phospholipids (dashed line - Control supplemented with 16-C chain length (dotted line • • • • • • ) b) Draw a single plot of the Fluorescence Intensity vs. Time that contains the expected curves of a Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) using the same samples as in (a) above. The FRAP experiment is conducted at the same temperature for each sample (which is the Tm of the of the control phospholipid).

UV-vis spectroscopy can be used to determine protein and nucleic acid concentrations, provided the user knows the molar extinction coefficient of the protein or nucleic acid. Rank the wavelength absorption for the amino acids below from shortest wavelength to longest in the UV region.

30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

Please discuss denaturation: Define it in your own words. What type of biological macromolecule is subject to denaturation? In what types of environments might denaturation occur?

VII. Analysis of a peptide antibiotic purified from a strain of Bacillus brevii resulted in the following significant information: Complete hydrolysis of the peptide yielded equimolar amounts of Leu, Orn, Phe, Pro, and Val Molecular weight of the peptide was estimated to be aroung 1,200 Da The peptide failed to undergo hydrolysis when treated with carboxypeptidase Partial hydrolysis and then chromatographic separation of products yielded the following di- and tripeptides: Leu-Phe, Phe-Pro, Orn-Leu, Val-Orn, Val-Orn-Leu, Phe-Pro-Val, Pro-Val-Orn Treament with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) followed by complete hydrolysis yielded only free amino acids and the DNFB-derivatized ornithine at its side chain Using this set of information available to you, deduce the amino acid sequence of this peptide antibiotic. Write your final peptide sequence only using 3-letter abbreviations.