1. For each of the following, explain how eukaryotic transcriptional initiation would be affected. a. TFIIB b. TFIID C. TFIIH

Consider a triglyceride molecule (dietary fat) and it’s components. If a cell uses a triglyceride molecule as an energy source, at which processes (stages) of cell respiration do the components enter cell respiration?   3.Which phosphate bond in ATP is broken or made to release or contain energy? 4.Cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells is aerobic. Briefly define the term aerobic. 5.Consider question #4above. Briefly describethe role or function of oxygen in cellular respiration? 6.At which stage is the greatest amount of carbon dioxide released? 7.What is the function of the molecule NADHand FADH2? 8.What is the role of protons (hydrogen ions)in the electron transport chain. 9.Briefly describe the function of ATP synthase. 10.Briefly describe the mechanism of action for the poison cyanide.

1. With reference to the figure, discuss the results of the Western Blotting experiments, what they tell you about the behaviour of the estrogen receptor, and how this relates to its known biological activity.  2. Propose what suitable controls should be included for this experiment and explain what you would expect to see as results from these controls in the Western Blot in the figure.

a. What is grey donut shaped object supposed to represent? b. Label with the word "promoter" where one might find the promoter region in this image. c. In the magnified insert, label the template strand that is being transcribed with the word "template". d. In the magnified insert label the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript. e. What entity functions to break the complementary base pairing of a gene at its transcription start site? CS Scanned with CamScanner

In considering the 7 levels of gene regulation, which of the following mechanisms acts at first level? a. repressor binding to sequence blocking the promoter b. miRNA silencing c. differential processing of RNA d. protein modification e. answer may vary depending if this occurs in a prokaryote or a eukaryote

Which of the following snRNPs facilitate the second transesterification reaction during mRNA splicing?    a. U6   b. U5   c. U4   d. U3

3. Figure 2 illustrates how Pitx1 transcription is regulated in different tissues. The center image is that of a stickleback embryo. The drawings in the surrounding boxes show the Pitx1 gene region and activator proteins present in the jaw, pelvis, eye, or pituitary tissues. a. List all the tissues shown in Figure 2 that express the Pitx1 gene. b. If a fish does not produce activator 1 proteins because of a mutation in the gene that encodes those proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? c. If a fish does not produce activator 3 proteins, Pitx1 will be expressed in which of the following tissues? d. A fish inherits a mutation in the Pitx1 coding region. This is a nonsense mutation that introduces a premature stop codon, resulting in a nonfunctional protein. Where would you expect Pitx1 to be expressed in this scenario?

Describe 3 ways by which transcription could be regulated (Hint 3 methods/tools/mechanisms that a cell can use to increase or decrease the amount of transcription, hint: Using a 1..... 2..... 3.....no part marks) A/

Please give one observation of the genetic code that indicates it minimizes the harmful effects of single base change mutations?

73Dicer catalyzes Sequence-dependent single-stranded RNA cleavage. Yesorno 74Amino acid-coding regions within eukaryotic genes may be interrupted by ___________ regions. A.noncodingb.long terminal repeatc.split geneD.enhancer 75Which of the following cleaves the N-terminal methionine from polypeptides?A.Methionine isomeraseb.Methionine aminopeptidasec.Methionine carboxylaseD.Methionine transferase