The Hobbit: Themes/Symbols

Heroism and the quest

The Hobbit is about a hero’s journey as he undertakes a quest, a common theme across ancient literature. The hero transforms into an extraordinary character as he travels for his quest. The quest usually involves an object, which in this instance was Smaug’s treasure. During the journey, the hero encounters new characters and is faced with challenging circumstances. These experiences help the hero discover qualities that they did not know existed in themselves.

Unlike heroes such as Beowulf or Sir Gawain, Bilbo is ordinary. He does not even want to undertake the journey and leave his comfortable life behind. He is pushed by Gandalf to participate in the adventure. However, once Bilbo is part of the journey, he undergoes tremendous change. From being nervous and unsure of himself, we see him becoming confident and independent. The physical journey is a metaphor for growth that Bilbo undergoes.

Friendship and peaceful alliances

Bilbo’s loyalty to his friends is an important theme in the novel. Even though the dwarves are unsure about Bilbo when they start the journey, Bilbo never abandons them. Even in adverse circumstances, Bilbo looks out for his friends. Gandalf, too, emphasises the importance of relationships and peaceful alliances. When Bilbo gives the Arkenstone to Barb to negotiate with Thorin, Gandalf appears and approves of his decision. Bilbo’s actions show that he understands the futility of war and the need to forge peaceful alliances.

The scene where Thorin seeks forgiveness from Bilbo before dying also reiterates the importance of this theme. Before returning to his home, Bilbo tells all the dwarves that they are always welcome to visit him. Not only does Bilbo gain courage through the journey but also companionship.

Greed

Greed is another prominent theme in the novel. When the dwarves and Bilbo start the journey, the purpose is to reclaim the treasure of their ancestors from Smaug. Smaug is representative of this theme as literally guards the treasure in Lonely Mountain. In fact, he dies because of his greed. Bilbo acts a foil in this aspect. Although he initially steals the Arkenstone, he eventually gives it away with the hope of avoiding war. He prefers a peaceful existence over one where he amassed a large share in the treasure. Toward the end, he also refuses gold and jewels because he did not need them. Thorin also dies because of his greed. In his death, he realises that the world would be a better place if it were populated with people such as Bilbo.