Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 74QAP
Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5°? Explain your reasoning.
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Use VSEPR to predict the geometry (including bond angles) about each interior atom of methyl azide (CH3N3) and draw the molecule. Would you expect the bond angle between the two interior nitrogen atoms to be the same or different? Would you expect the two nitrogen–nitrogen bond lengths to be the same or different?
Predicting deviations from ideal bond angles
Consider the nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) molecule.
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10. Each ball-and-stick model below shows the electron-pair and molecular geometry of a
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) IO2-...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) CIF4-...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) OCl2...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) C22-...Ch. 7 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is a poisonous compound found...Ch. 7 - Radio astronomers have detected the isoformyl ion,...Ch. 7 - Draw Lewis structures for the following species....Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 9 for the...
Ch. 7 - Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, when bubbled into...Ch. 7 - Formic acid is the irritating substance that gets...Ch. 7 - Two different molecules have the formula C2H2Cl2....Ch. 7 - Two different molecules have the formula C2H6O....Ch. 7 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 7 - Write a Lewis structure for (a) XeF3+ (b) PCl4+...Ch. 7 - Write a Lewis structure for (a) BCl4 (b) ClO- (c)...Ch. 7 - Write reasonable Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Write reasonable Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 7 - Draw resonance structures for (a) SeO3 (b) CS32-...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - The skeleton structure for disulfur dinitride,...Ch. 7 - Borazine, B3N3H6, has the skeleton Draw the...Ch. 7 - What is the formal charge on the indicated atom in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 7 - Below are two different Lewis structures for...Ch. 7 - Below are two different Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Give all the ideal bond angles (109.5, 120, or...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 7 - An objectionable component of smog is acetyl...Ch. 7 - The uracil molecule is one of the bases in DNA....Ch. 7 - Niacin is one of the B vitamins (B3). Estimate the...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 31...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 32...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 33...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 7 - There are three compounds with the formula...Ch. 7 - There are two different molecules with the formula...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - In each of the following polyatomic ions, the...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 55 for the...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of each atom (except H) in...Ch. 7 - Acrylonitrile, C3H3N is the building mer Orlon....Ch. 7 - What is the hybridization of nitrogen inCh. 7 - What is the hybridization of carbon inCh. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in the...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in the...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in each...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in each...Ch. 7 - In which of the following molecules does the...Ch. 7 - Consider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no...Ch. 7 - Consider acetyl salicylic acid, better known as...Ch. 7 - Complete the table on next page.Ch. 7 - Given the following electro negativities...Ch. 7 - Based on the concept of formal charge, what is the...Ch. 7 - Describe the geometry of the species in which...Ch. 7 - Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S....Ch. 7 - Prob. 75QAPCh. 7 - In each of the following molecules, a central atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 77QAPCh. 7 - A compound of chlorine and fluorine, CIFx, reacts...Ch. 7 - Draw the Lewis structure and describe the geometry...Ch. 7 - Consider the polyatomic ion IO65-. How many pairs...Ch. 7 - It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure...Ch. 7 - Phosphoryl chloride, POCl3, has the skeleton...
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- Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardIn addition to CO, CO2, and C3O2, there is another molecular oxide of carbon, pentacarbon dioxide, C5O2, a yellow solid. (a) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-O bond angle in pentacarbon dioxide? (b) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-C bond angle in this compound?arrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIt is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardIndicate which molecules are polar and which are nonpolar. (a) SeO2 (b) N2O (N is the central atom) (c) SCl4arrow_forward
- a Carbonyl fluoride, COF2, is an extremely poisonous gas used in organofluorine synthesis. Give the valence bond description of the carbonyl fluoride molecule. (Both fluorine atoms are attached to the carbon atom.) b Nitrogen, N2, makes up about 80% of the earths atmosphere. Give the valence bond description of this molecule.arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules has a net dipole moment? For each of the polar molecules, indicate the direction of the dipole in the molecule. (a) nitrosyl fluoride, FNO (b) disulfur difluoride, S2F2arrow_forwardDepending on the protein under study, the bond angle of a drug molecule can become critical to successfully deactivating a viral protein. For this reason, chemists are frequently concerned with the 3D shape of their molecules and their bond angles. The oxygen atom shown in the structure has a tetrahedral electronic geometry, meaning we would predict that it would have 109.5° bond angles. However, the actual structure, the bond angles are smaller than 109.5°. Explain why this compression occurs. Make sure to discuss what’s happening around/what groups are present around the oxygen atom.arrow_forward
- Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry (including bond angles) about each interior atom of methyl azide (CH3N3), and make a sketch of the molecule. Would you expect the bond angle between the two interior nitrogen atoms to be the same or different? Would you expect the two nitrogen–nitrogen bond lengths to be the same or different?arrow_forwardELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING Predicting deviations from ideal bond angles Consider the chlorite (C102) a anion. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds? Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds to be... 0 0 (choose one) X 3 1/5arrow_forwardMethyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, is used in the manufacture of insecticides, such as carbaryl (Sevin). In the CH3NCO molecule, the three H atoms and the O atoms are terminal atoms and the two C and one N atom are the central atoms. Draw the Lewis structure of this molecule, then predict the molecular geometry and indicate the various bond angles.arrow_forward
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