When cancer cells metastasize, they: a. b. ○ c. travel to distant and different body parts to begin new tumors. stay in their place of origin to destroy adjacent tissues. are not able to invade blood vessels.
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- Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbersA method that circulating cancer cells commonly employ to increase survival is: Select one: a. Migration along the endothelial cell walls b. Entry into red blood cells c. Production of toxins d. Surrounding themselves with plateletsWhich of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.
- A. Name 3 human activities, behaviors, or products that increase cancer risk. B. Specify 1 type of cancer associated with each of those activities, behaviors, or products. C. Specify 1 example of how the government has addressed these risks (e.g. local, county, state, federal, ….A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue types
- Angiogenic switch: a. Is the sudden, dramatic change in the behavior of the small tumor masses b. Is an important step in tumor progression c. represents the ability to induce blood vessel growth at will d. All of the aboveChildhood exposure to all of the following risk factors increases susceptibility to cancer except. O a. drugs. b. viruses. O c. ionizing radiation. d. cigarette smoke.Which of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cells
- Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.Which of the following represents the correct order of steps leading to the development of malignant cancer?a. dysplasia . . . hyperplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasionb. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasion . . . in situ cancerc. dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . hyperplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasiond. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasionThe CT scan reveals a tumor of the lung and a biopsy (removal of tissue for examination) is scheduled. Define cancer and the TNM and Roman Numeral classification system that will be used to describe the tumor. (The use of diagrams is recommended. Be sure to include your sources).