Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 4Q
In the tree in Figure 4.37, identify a monophyletic group to which the aardvark belongs. Who else is a member? Identify a larger clade that it also belongs to.
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If a taxonomist constructs a rooted phylogenetic tree for a group of living species, the structure of the tree alone can be used to distinguish hypotheses of monophyly versus nonmonophyly of a particular subgroup. If monophyly is rejected for a particular subgroup, tree topology alone cannot distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly. What additional information is needed to distinguish paraphyly from polyphyly?
In the phylogenetic tree below, which group(s) are monophyletic? (select all that apply)
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
O Group 1
O Group 2
O Group 3
O None of these groups are monophyletic
Which of the following is true regarding the way we define clades with characters? Select one:
a. Autapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
b. Plesiomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
c. Synapomorphies are good characters to use because they describe every lineage of the clade and no other lineages
Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvote
Chapter 4 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - Sketch a version of the tree in Figure 4.37 in...Ch. 4 - In the tree in Figure 4.37, identify a...Ch. 4 - What is a synapomorphy?Ch. 4 - High-crowned teeth that are well suited for...Ch. 4 - Assuming the four living species in Figure 4.38...Ch. 4 - The four fish in Figure 4.39 evolved from a common...Ch. 4 - What is homoplasy? Why does homoplasy make it more...Ch. 4 - Referring to the information in Figure 4.10,...
Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a molecular...Ch. 4 - Why is it seldom possible to exhaustively check...Ch. 4 - A clade in a phylogeny bears a label at its base...Ch. 4 - Examine the three primate phylogenies shown in...Ch. 4 - Historically, some scientists hypothesized that...Ch. 4 - Sketch the tree you would expect for dogs, wolves,...Ch. 4 - Darwin maintained that among living species, there...
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- Observe the figure below. Draw a tree that: (a) contains the following taxa: armadillos, rabbits, pangolins, whales AND (b) is consistent with the larger tree of mammals shown. You can do this by hand and paste a photo of your tree in this documentarrow_forwardFigure 12.3 In what levels are cats and dogs considered to be part of the same group?arrow_forwardhow many clades are in this tree?arrow_forward
- Three species of orchid bees are in the genus Euglossa and one is in the genus Eulaema. You don’t know which Euglossa are most related. Draw a phylogenetic tree of these species, including the outgroup Apis (genus of honey bees).arrow_forwardEncircle the Monophylethic group, Paraphyletic group and Polyphyletic group in the phylogenetic trees given in the picturearrow_forwardIs the following statements consistent with the provided data? Answer TRUE if the statement is consistent with the data.Answer FALSE if the statement is not consistent with the data. 1. According to the phylogeny toads are monophyletic. 2. According to the phylogeny a group composed of the spring peeper and the chorus frog is monophyletic. 3. If climate change results in less snowpack during the winter months, then wood frog survival will increase.arrow_forward
- Birds: white breasted wood swallow, pied fantail, brown shrike, yellow vented bulbul, philippine leaf warbler Discuss relation of birds identified through phylogenetic tree.arrow_forwardFrom above answer the following and explain why you chose what?A) will you be considering I and J from tree to be monophyletic? B) is E to J on tree form monophyletic group? C) what is sister genus of C and D D) is E and G monophyletic?arrow_forward(a) Outgroup Cow Deer Hippo Pig Peccary Camel Whalearrow_forward
- Suppose a new monkey species, Species A, has just been discovered. You are a primatologist, and you are trying to determine its phylogenetic position. You are sure its closest relatives are Species B and Species C, but you want to know which one it is more closely related to or if it is equally closely related to both. You are using Species D, a more distant relative, as the outgroup. You have come up with a list of ten characters you think will be useful in resolving this phylogeny, and you have determined the character state of each species for each character. The character states are: (in image below) Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible phylogenies for species A, B, and C and determining which tree requires the fewest evolutionary changes. HINT: First, review the carnivorans problem in Section 4.3 of the Zimmer and Emlen textbook. To solve the above problem, assume the outgroup has the ancestral character state for each…arrow_forwardFor each statement about the trees shown below, indicate whether it is TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). These trees show that there are far more species of tetrapods (vertebrates with four limbs) than there are of bony fishes. Only tree 1 is accurate because it shows humans, the most complex species, at one end and fishes, the simplest lineage, at the other end. Humans and lizards are equally closely related to frogs according to both trees. The only difference between these two trees is that some of the internal nodes have been rotated. They show the same topology and therefore represent the same evolutionary relationships. The lineage represented by fishes has been evolving for a much longer time than the lineage represented by lizards.arrow_forwardUsing the picture below, make a phylogenetic tree. Make sure that all seven (7) creatures, including the outgroup, are on the tree and assigned their own branch. Make sure all parts of the tree are properly labeled. Circle the different clades/monophyletic groups (many will be overlapping and that's okay). ALSO, In the lineage leading to each new node, be sure to indicate the shared derived character and how it has changed (e.g., if the synapomorphy was having eyes, we would indicate this on the tree by drawing something like this no eyes > eyes). Don't forget to add the root! Finally, circle all your clades/ monophyletic groups and give them informative names like a good little systematist! Please follow all these steps to create the phylogenetic tree. Do it correctly and completely. Do not use previous versions/answers.arrow_forward
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