Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 3Q
Sketch a version of the tree in Figure 4.37 in which whales, hippos, pigs, perissodactyls, carnivores, and pangolins appear in a different vertical order on the page, yet are depicted as having the same relationships.
Figure 4.37 Phylogeny of the mammals From Murphy et al. (2001).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
72
85
Sardinella tawilis
Sardinella lemuru and Sardinella longiceps
Escualosa thoracata
Engraulis encrasicolus
84
86
100
Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood Tree (branch style: traditional-straight) of Sardinella species inferred from COX1 gene.
Question: Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which species is/are the most recent ancestor/s of S. gibbosa?
Sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella albella
Sardinella tawilis
Sardinella gibbosa
Sardinella lemuru
Sardinella longiceps
Escualosa thoracata
Engraulis encrasicolus
Please use the following data table of mesodermal patterning and homeobox genes to help you
reconstruct a most parsimonious tree of basal Animals: "1" means the gene is present in that
taxon, and "0" means it is absent. Please use these taxa as tips on your tree and indicate where
on the tree each gene evollved.
Mesodermal patterning genes and Homeodomains (Homeobox genes)
Таха
COL
TALE
AMPA
POU
Erb-B
HNF
PROS
SINE
CASK
GRIP
S-50
recep.
recep.
PRD
Bilateria
1.
1
1
1
1
1
Choanoflagellata
1
1
1.
Cnidaria
1
Ctenophora
1
1
1
1
1
Placozoa
1
1
0.
1
Porifera
1
0.
0.
Fungi
Reading a Phylogenetic Tree
Use the tree below to answer the questions.
A Cladogram
Fig. 12.1
LANCELET
LAMPREY
GROUPER
SALAMANDER
TURTLE
WOLF
HAIR
AMNIOTIC EGGS
FOUR LEGGED LOCOMOTION
JAW BONES
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
The branching points on this diagram represent:
characteristics of the group of organisms
common ancestors
points where speciation occured
Chapter 4 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - Sketch a version of the tree in Figure 4.37 in...Ch. 4 - In the tree in Figure 4.37, identify a...Ch. 4 - What is a synapomorphy?Ch. 4 - High-crowned teeth that are well suited for...Ch. 4 - Assuming the four living species in Figure 4.38...Ch. 4 - The four fish in Figure 4.39 evolved from a common...Ch. 4 - What is homoplasy? Why does homoplasy make it more...Ch. 4 - Referring to the information in Figure 4.10,...
Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a molecular...Ch. 4 - Why is it seldom possible to exhaustively check...Ch. 4 - A clade in a phylogeny bears a label at its base...Ch. 4 - Examine the three primate phylogenies shown in...Ch. 4 - Historically, some scientists hypothesized that...Ch. 4 - Sketch the tree you would expect for dogs, wolves,...Ch. 4 - Darwin maintained that among living species, there...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Help me pleasearrow_forwardRefer to the image. Gibbon (20 species in 4 genera) Prosimians: Bushbabies New World and lemurs monkeys Apes Macmillan Learning Orangutan Old World monkeys Gibbons Great apes Gorilla Human Robust canine teeth Earlobes Bonobo Delayed puberty Chimpanzee The characters listed in the ancestral lineages certainly do not represent all the most important evolutionary changes that occurred in these ancestors. Rather, they are a sample of the changes that occurred at each stage.arrow_forwardObserve the figure below. Draw a tree that: (a) contains the following taxa: armadillos, rabbits, pangolins, whales AND (b) is consistent with the larger tree of mammals shown. You can do this by hand and paste a photo of your tree in this documentarrow_forward
- Below is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore. It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology. IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.arrow_forwardOn the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine tooth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore: O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore OIt is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. O For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology If the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy. A B D E LL F G H REG a a Barrow_forwardThe phylogentic tree below depicts the evolutionary relationships of the following species A through M.arrow_forward
- A 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.arrow_forwardMake a list of at least 10 morphological characters that you might use to generate a phylogenetic tree of the Caminalcules. Ignore the numbers found next to each Caminalcules- they do not represent who evolved first, second, etc. 2.Construct a phylogenetic tree of relationships (Hint: it may be easiest to cut out the critters so you can move them easily and then paste on them on a paper and draw the branches accordingly). 3.Identify at least 2 recent common ancestors and write at least three critical morphological changes along the branches on which they occurred. For example, did the claws appear (or disappear) as the different species evolved? 4.Take a picture of your phylogenetic tree and submit it with this document. ***Please note, this lab can be frustrating because you are “creating” the evolutionary story of how these critters evolved and who is more closely related to who (or not) along the way. There is no wrong answer since every student will focus on different…arrow_forwardRegarding the phylogeny below: Monotremata Metatheria Rodentia Mammalia Theria Eutheria Primates Artiodactyla Carnivora Canidae Rodents are members of the Eutheria and Carnivora clades. Primates are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades. Felidae Monotremata are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades. Felidae are members are the Carnivora clade, but not the Theria clade.arrow_forward
- Look at the phylogenies below. Based only on the information provided here: 1. Are lizards more closely related to [Select] 2. Chimps and humans are a [Select] ✰ clade. Alternative Forms of Tree Diagrams Fishes Frogs Lizards Chimps Humans Vertical tree Fishes Frogs Lizards Chimps Humans -Diagonal treearrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forwardBelow is a phylogenetic tree of primates. Bush babies, lemurs, pottos Tarsiers Monkeys Gibbons Family Hylobatidae Orangutans Subfamily Ponginae Gorillas Family Hominidae Tribe Gorillini Chimpanzees Tribe Panini Subfamily Homininae ko Humans Tribe Hominini Which of the following is NOT a monophyletic group? O Gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, humans, chimpanzees O humans Gibbons, orangutans, monkeys Chimpanzees, humans Strepsirrhini Haplorrhini Anthropoidea Hominoideaarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license