Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 10, Problem 35Q
To determine
The fault in the reasoning that the Pacific Ocean is the scar left on Earth due to the separation of the Moon from the Earth suggested by the fission theory.
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Do you think the Moon could retain an atmosphere of nitrogen for the age of the Solar System? Explain why or why not
Formation theories for the Moon have come and gone due to the discovery of new knowledge. The fission theory postulated that the Moon separated from the Earth in the vicinity of what is now the Pacific Ocean. Why is this early 20th century notion totally discredited today? What discovery in the mid-1960s provided the evidence to disprove this theory? [Hint: The first clue came from Alfred Wegener. His theory was at first ridiculed but was later shown to be true from research in the 1960s–1970s. Wegener’s theory was renamed as what? Our current model also explains earthquakes. To answer this you will have to Google.]
Moon dust is dangerous to astronauts because
it is highly radioactive
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it contains large amounts of toxic arsenic
The Biosphere 2 experiment was
an experiment performed on Mars in the 1990's to see whether small-scale terraforming might be feasible
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a largely unsuccessful attempt to create a completely self-contained habitat on Earth
Chapter 10 Solutions
Universe
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- How many impacts would you expect to strike a 100m2 region in one hour during Earth’s formation, assuming that Earth grew to its present size in 10 million years from particles averaging 100 grams each? (Hint: Assume that Earth had its current radius of 6378km.) (Notes: The surface area of a sphere is 4pir2 ; 1yr=3.2x107 .) a. About 1300. b. About 13 . c. About 13,000. d. About 130arrow_forwardExplain the evidence for a period of heavy bombardment on the Moon about 4 billion years ago.arrow_forwardThe Moon did not pass through all of the four stages of planetary development. True or false? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- The runaway greenhouse effect and its inverse, the runaway refrigerator effect, have led to harsh, uninhabitable conditions on Venus and Mars. Does the greenhouse effect always cause climate changes leading to loss of water and life? Give a reason for your answer.arrow_forwardA lot of asteroid and comet dust collides with Earth's atmosphere everyday. Assume that 500 tons of mass is added to Earth daily from the millions of meteors that enter our atmosphere. Estimate the time it would take for the Earth's mass to increase 0.2% with this impact rate. Is this mass accumulation significant to Earth as a planet.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding impact craters? Group of answer choices The size and shape of the crater and the amount of material excavated depends on factors such as the velocity and mass of the impacting body and the geology of the surface. Craters are most often are circular but more elongate craters can be produced with impactors striking the surface at very low angles. The Moon has more craters than the Earth because of its strong tidal force on the impactors. Objects from space typically hit Earth at about 20 km/s ande produce craters that can be approximately 20 times larger in diameter than the impacting objects. The faster the incoming impactor, the larger the crater.arrow_forward
- What evidence do we have that Mars was once much wetter and hotter than it is today?arrow_forwardAssume that Venus has an isothermal atmosphere with a surface temperature of 750 K. The surface pressure of Venus is 90 times the Earth's surface pressure which is about 1013mb. Also assume that the carbon dioxide dominant atmosphere of Venus is photodissociated and oxygen atoms are produced. These oxygen atoms stop the solar wind at the ionopause distance where the atmospheric pressure of Venus and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind are in balance. Accordingly, calculate the lonopause distance of the planet Venus if the solar wind density is 7 #/cm² and solar wind speed is 410 km/sec.arrow_forwardThe number of major plains in the northern hempishere of Mars is 6 7 8 9arrow_forward
- The iron meteorite that created Barringer Crater (Arizona) was 50 m in diameter. It caused a crater 1.2 km (1200 m) in diameter, that is, 24 times bigger than the impactor. Keeping in mind that the size of the crater depends on many factors, such as the type of rocks present in the area, estimate the approximate size of the impactor that produced Mare Serenitatis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following properties of Mars would be altered by the process of terraforming? its size its atmospheric chemistry its distance from the Sun its geological activity its magnetic field Even if we were to terraform Mars to give it an Earthlike climate, that climate would not be as stable as Earth's, due to Mars's lack of a large moon volcanic activity an iron core atmospheric nitrogenarrow_forwardThe fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev. Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus: Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4 and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv: Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K: ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .arrow_forward
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