A patient takes a stimulant that produces euphoria, as well as an increase in heart rate and blood pressure and it treats narcolepsy. To exert its effect, the drug must be taken up into nerve terminals, where it stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from their vascular storage sites.
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A patient takes a stimulant that produces euphoria, as well as an increase in heart rate and blood pressure and it treats narcolepsy. To exert its effect, the drug must be taken up into nerve terminals, where it stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from their vascular storage sites.
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- Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are examples of catecholamine neurotransmitters. One of the known side effects of reserpine is to cause the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine. Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls muscle movement are gradually destroyed and the neurons can no longer produce dopamine to coordinate muscle movements. Reserpine causes symptoms by a. inhibiting the release of dopamine from the presynaptic neuron b. blocking the dopamine receptor in the postsynaptic neuron c. breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapse d. breaking down cholinesterase enzyme in the synapseFlaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin tubocurarine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channelsMrs. Jackson, who suffers from seizures, has been stable on a phenytoin dose of 300 mg q.d. (qd or QD) for over a year. However, she has recently been experiencing periods of heartburn. When you ask her more about this, you find there are no red-flag symptoms. She has tried OTC antacids in the past, but did not like them. Instead, she has seen Nexium tablets advertised and wants to know if they would be suitable. Is this an appropriate choice of OTC treatment? Explain in detail and based on scientific reasoning.
- Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: а. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer in the synapse Sympathetic nervous system b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system С. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d.…Catecholamines are neurotransmitters that are produced in the adrenal glands and are released during a stress response. Some typical effects are increased heart rate, increased blood glucose levels and elevated blood pressure. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Which f the following rows correctly identifies the effect of reserpine in the synapse and the division of the nervous system it affects? Select one: Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Keeps catecholamines longer Sympathetic nervous system in the synapse b. Effect in the Synapse Division of the Nervous System Inhibits release of catecholamines from the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system Division of the Nervous System Effect in the Synapse Inhibits release of catecholamines from presynaptic neuron Parasympathetic nervous system d. Effect in…Heroin (diamorphine) is: O an opioid receptor antagonist. O a long-acting opioid agonist that produces dysphoria. O a drug that is metabolised in humans to morphine. a drug with high liability for physical dependence and low liability for psychological dependence. Question 4 Cocaine exerts sympathomimetic activity by: O acting directly as an agonist at alpha 1-adrenoceptors. inhibiting the re-uptake of noradrenaline at axon terminal sympathetic neurons. O inhibiting alpha 1-adrenoceptors. O inhibiting the breakdown of noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase.
- To treat patients during the acute phase of opioid withdrawal, clinicians may use NSS-2 Bridge device, which is a small electrical nerve stimulator that is placed behind the person's ear and emits electrical pulses. True or FalseWe talked about drug effects on neurons in sequence. The effect of alcohol is multi-faceted and the following question asks you to apply your knowledge. Imagine two neurons in sequence. The presynaptic neuron is GABAnergic and the postsynaptic neuron is dopaminergic. The effects of alcohol are not fully understood but it does seem to inhibit GABAnergic neurons. How would the release of dopamine from the postsynaptic neuron change in this case? Explain your answer, being sure to make each connection between concepts clear. If alcohol instead inhibited dopaminernergic neurons, in what way might the ion flow change in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron of this example?The reason a heroin addict feels very ill immediately after going "cold turkey" from heroin is likely a result of upregulation of opiate receptors in the postsynaptic cells. upregulation of endogenous opiates. downregulation of opiate receptors in the postsynatic cells. increased postsynaptic receptor sensitivity. downregulation of opiate reuptake transporters.
- Find the purpose of each of the neurotransmitters listed below. Also, describe what might happen to a person if they had an excess amount or a lesser amount of each of these neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine GABA Norepinephrine Dopamine Serotonin Endorphin OxytocinWhich of the following is not a mechanism of action of amphetamine? O release neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials O block reuptake of neurotransmitter O block enzyme from inactivating neurotransmitter block Ca+ channelsMrs. Hemson is taking mepiprazole ( Psigodal ), an antidepressant . It acts by blocking 5-HT2A and a1 adrenergic receptors and has also been shown to inhibit the reuptake. What kind of drug is enpiprazole? synergistic Antagonist additive agonist