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- In cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of the choline transporter will affect the normal synthesis and release acetylcholineTRUE OR FALSEWhich of the following is characteristic of parasympathetic ganglia the ganglia are formed of the cell bodies of general somatic efferent neurons O the ganglia are formed of the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons parasympathetic autonomic ganglia are ALL found within the walls of the effector glands or organs synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons are formed within the autonomic gangliaWhich of the following statements regarding autonomic nervous system function is false? autonomic efferent axons may be found in both cranial and spinal nerves autonomic efferent pathways are usually two neuron pathways preganglionic and postganglionic autonomic efferent neurons synapse in autonomic ganglia O cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X carry preganglionic parasympathetic axons O none of the above are false (all are true)
- What sre the differances of these neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine Epinephrine Serotonin Glutamate Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) AcetylcholineEpilepsy is the disesae. Which areas of the brain are affected by epilpesy? What type of neurotransmitters are altered in this epilepsy? Provide neurophysiological evidence. Please talk about voltage gated K+, Na+, Ca++ and ligand channels. Tell if any of them are affected. if affected what is the consequence?Which ion channels are affected?All the following regarding sympathetic nervous system are true except: * It is involved in stress & emergency conditions. It has a vasodilatory effect on skeletal muscle blood vessels during rest. All its preganglionic fibres are cholinergic. Its stimulation increases the cardiac properties. E O Its stimulation causes urine retention.
- Which statement is true regarding chemical neurotransmission? O An IPSP closer to the soma will diminish the effects of an EPSP on a dendrite Chemical neurotransmission is mediated by gap junctions All neurotransmitter receptors are located on the postsynaptic cell membrane Neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft indefinitelyExplain how adrenal medulla stimulation potentiates (prolongs)the effects of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervoussystemWhat type of action potential conduction is found in sympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory coduction what type of action potential conduction is found in parasympathetic preganglionic neurons? continuouns conduction saltatory conduction please highlight the answers
- Sympathetic innervation can have pro- and anti- inflammatory effects. Which of the following statements does not support this suggestion relative to a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). O Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were less susceptible to this experimental IBD Catecholamines acting on alpha2-adrenoreceptors led to proinflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) production worsening the IBD in mice Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were more susceptible to this experimental IBDAutnomic nervous system use arrows to show whether parasympathetic (p) or syspathic (s) fibers stimulate or inhibit or a dash for no parasympathetic interaction for each of the following construction of blood vessels of skin and abdominal viscera 2, salivation and digestive organ contractions 3,Erection or engorgement of genitalia 4, dilation of bronchioles for easier breathing 5, contraction of bladder and relaxation 6,contractions of arrector pill of hair arrector pill of hair follicles causing goose bumps 7,increase in blood glucose level by pancreatic serection coling with stress fight or fight responseIn the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). B. One of these synapses produces a long-lasting hyperpolarization of its target cell. Which synapse, and why?