| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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Appendix I
Indo-European Roots |
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| ENTRY: | bh -2 |
| DEFINITION: | To speak. Oldest form *bhe 2-, colored to *bha2-, contracted to *bh-.
Derivatives include fate, infant, prophet, abandon, banish, symphony, confess, and blame.
1. fable, fabliau, fabulous, fado, fairy, fandango, fate, fay2; affable, fantoccini, ineffable, infant, infantry, preface, from Latin fr , to speak. 2. –phasia; apophasis, prophet, from Greek phanai, to speak. 3a. ban1, from Old English bannan, to summon, proclaim, and Old Norse banna, to prohibit, curse; b. banal, banns; abandon, from Old French ban, feudal jurisdiction, summons to military service, proclamation, Old French bandon, power, and Old English gebann, proclamation; c. banish, from Old French banir, to banish; d. contraband, from Late Latin bannus, bannum, proclamation; e. bandit, from Italian bandire, to muster, band together (< “to have been summoned”). a–e all from Germanic suffixed form *ban-wan, *bannan, to speak publicly (used of particular kinds of proclamation in feudal or prefeudal custom; “to proclaim under penalty, summon to the levy, declare outlaw”). 4. Suffixed form *bh-ni-. a. boon1, from Old Norse b n, prayer, request; b. bee1, perhaps from Old English b n, prayer, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse bn, prayer. Both a and b from Germanic *bni-. 5. Suffixed form *bh-ma. a. fame, famous; defame, infamous, from Latin fma, talk, reputation, fame; b. euphemism, Polyphemus, from Greek phm, saying, speech. 6. Suffixed o-grade form *bh-n-. phone2, –phone, phoneme, phonetic, phono-, –phony; anthem, antiphon, aphonia, cacophonous, euphony, symphony, from Greek phn, voice, sound, and (denominative) phnein, to speak. 7. Suffixed zero-grade form *bh-to-. confess, profess, from Latin fatr, to acknowledge, admit. 8. blame, blaspheme, from Greek blasphmos, blasphemous, perhaps from *m s-bh-mo-, “speaking evil” (blas-, evil; see mel-3). (Pokorny 2. bh- 105.) |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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