(a)
Interpretation:
The structure formula for portion of polymer obtained from orthophthalic acidand glycerol needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A polymer is a long chain molecule made of large number of monomer units. The monomer is repeating units of a polymer that are linked to each other to produce a molecule of polymer.
These monomer units are linked to each other either through the formation of peptide linkage or glycosidic linkage or by removal of any moiety such as a water molecule.
Polyvinyl chloride, Bakelite and polystyrene are some of the example of
(b)
Interpretation:
The cross-linking between the chains of polymer to form a covalent solid need to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
A polymer is a long chain molecule made of large number of monomer units. The monomer is repeating units of a polymer that are linked to each other to produce a molecule of polymer.
These monomer units are linked to each other either through the formation of peptide linkage or glycosidic linkage or by removal of any moiety such as a water molecule.
Polyvinyl chloride, Bakelite and polystyrene are some of the example of polymers.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
- A polymer closely related to PET is PBT, which is made from terephthalic acid and butane-1,4-diol.(a) Propose a structure for PBT and write the condensed formula for the structure.(b) What does PBT stand for? That is, what do you expect the trivial name of PBT to be?(c) Would you expect PBT to have a higher or lower melting point than PET? Justify your answer.(d) PBT, rather than PET, is used in molding because it crystallizes faster. Explain why PBT crystallizes more quickly than PET.arrow_forwardIn a theoretical study of protein-like polymers, the phase diagram shown was obtained. It shows three structural regions: the native form, the unfolded form, and a 'molten globule' form. (a) Is the molten-globule form ever stable when the denaturant concentration is below 0. 1? (b) Describe what happens to the polymer as the native form is heated in the presence of denaturant at concentration 0. 15.arrow_forward(a) What is the empirical formula of cellulose? (b) Whatis the monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer?(c) What bond connects the monomer units in cellulose:amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?arrow_forward
- During our lectures on polymeric materials, I used polyethylene as an example because of its very straightforward structure. (a.) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as an initiator for the polymerization of ethylene. Draw a diagram of a dissociated hydrogen peroxide molecule which emphasizes the creation of two free radicals (unbonded electrons) that can serve as initiators or as terminators of polymerization.arrow_forwardProteins are naturally occurring polymers formed by condensationreactions of amino acids, which have the generalstructureIn this structure, ¬R represents ¬H, ¬CH3, or anothergroup of atoms; there are 20 different natural amino acids,and each has one of 20 different R groups. (a) Draw the generalstructure of a protein formed by condensation polymerizationof the generic amino acid shown here. (b) When only afew amino acids react to make a chain, the product is called a“peptide” rather than a protein; only when there are 50 aminoacids or more in the chain would the molecule be called a protein.For three amino acids (distinguished by having three differentR groups, R1, R2, and R3), draw the peptide that resultsfrom their condensation reactions. (c) The order in which theR groups exist in a peptide or protein has a huge influence onits biological activity. To distinguish different peptides andproteins, chemists call the first amino acid the one at the “Nterminus” and the last one the one at…arrow_forward(a) Draw the structure of polystyrene, the chapter-opening molecule, which is formed by polymerizing the monomer styrene, C6H5CH = CH2. (b) What monomer is used to form poly(vinyl acetate), a polymer used in paints and adhesives?arrow_forward
- Acetylene is a very weak acid; however, it will react with moist silver(I) oxide and form water and a compound composed of silver and carbon. Addition of a solution of HCl to a 0.2352-g sample of the compound of silver andcarbon produced acetylene and 0.2822 g of AgCl.(a) What is the empirical formula of the compound of silver and carbon?(b) The production of acetylene on addition of HCl to the compound of silver and carbon suggests that the carbon is present as the acetylide ion, C22− . Write the formula of the compound showing the acetylide ion.arrow_forwardQ.5(a) Which is the first conductive polymer? How intrinsic conductive polymer can be prepared. (b) What are multiple mode optical fibres? How they are superior then single mode optical fibres? Discuss various properties and applications of optical fibres.arrow_forwardIn addition to their use in water treatment, ion-exchange resins are used to extract Au, Ag, and Pt ions from solution. Oneof the most common resins consists of a polymer with abenzene-containing backbone to which sulfonic acid groups(–SO₃H) are then added. (a) What monomer can be used toprepare the polymer backbone? (b) This polymer typically con-tains 4–16% crosslinking. Draw the structure of the benzene-containing monomer used to crosslink the polymer.arrow_forward
- 3. Draw the repeating unit for the condensation polymer formed from the following monomers: (a) C,H;CH(NH2)COOH (b) H2N(CH2);COOH (c) H2N(CH2)6NH2 and (d) CH2OHCH2OH and HOOCC6H&COOH CIOCC6H4COCIarrow_forwardWrite the chemical structure of a non-biodegradable polymer (Polystyrene) and explain (in one line), based on it's chemical structure why it has this propertyarrow_forwardAnalysis of a sample of polyacrylonitrile shows that there are six lengths of chains, with the number of chains of each length shown in the table below. The molecular weight of the acrylonitrile monomer is 53 g/mol. Calculate the following: (a) The weight average molecular weight and degree of polymerization, (b) The number average molecular weight and degree of polymerization. Number Of chains Mean Molecular weight of chains (g/mol) 3010 10,005 18,005 17,005 15,005 6010 9010 12,010 9005 15,010 4005 18,010arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning