Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter D, Problem 8P
Describe how selection at a locus can result in a loss of polymorphism surrounding the locus.
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What evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic polymorphism? Discuss the relative importance of each type of process.
Labrador retrievers have 3 varieties of fur colour: yellow, chocolate or black. Two genes are involved, each with a dominant (Y and B) and a recessive allele (y and b). The allele Y codes for the ability to produce hair pigment: Yy and YY dogs have dark pigmented fur but all yy individuals are lighter coloured and yellow. The B allele codes for the ability to make hair with the darkest colouration: BB and Bb individuals have black fur; bb dogs have a lighter shade which is chocolate. In the blank Punnet Square below, calculate and state the ratio of phenotypes that occur with a cross between two individuals with the genotype YyBb.
Describe the extent of polymorphism in natural populations.
Chapter D Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. D - Why might mitochondrial, Y chromosome, and...Ch. D - What insights have analyses of human mitochondrial...Ch. D - What lines of evidence support the hypothesis that...Ch. D - Discuss how both gains and losses of regulatory...Ch. D - D.5 How do copy number variants arise? Do they...Ch. D - Consider possible societal and ethical dilemmas...Ch. D - Prob. 7PCh. D - Describe how selection at a locus can result in a...Ch. D - D.9 How can ancient DNA provide insight into past...Ch. D - D.10 Denisovans are known from bones found in...
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- You are studying a disorder that is based on the genetic cómposition at three loci. Assume that a dominant allele at any locus adds 7 units of risk for the disorder and that a recessive allele at any locus adds 4 units of risk for the disorder. Individuals with 26 or more units of risk develop the disorder. The environment does not affect the presence or absence of this disorder. How many risk units will be present in an individual of genotype AABbcc?arrow_forwardIn domestic cats, the dominant allele A encodes pigmented fur and the recessive allele a encodes white fur. Two cats with Aa genotypes have a litter of kittens. For each kitten, what is the probability that the kitten has pigmented fur? Hint: it may be helpful to draw a Punnett square.arrow_forwardFor some traits, one allele is not completely dominant to another. Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele dominates over the other. The resulting phenotype of heterozygotes is an intermediate of the two extremes. Incomplete dominant genes control snapdragon flower color. Red flower plants crossed with white flower plants produce offspring with pink flowers. One human trait that is thought to be inherited in this fashion is hair structure. Curly hair and straight hair are due to homozygous genotypes and wavy hair is produced by the heterozygous genotype. An incompletely dominant gene also controls the plumage of chickens. Black plumage and white plumage are due to homozygous genotypes and a blue-grey color results from a heterozygous genotype. Using Punnett squares and variations of the letter “B”, answer questions 1-3 and use variations of the letter “R” to answer questions 4-5. What type of offspring and in what ratio would you expect from a cross between a black…arrow_forward
- Mendel's concept of dominance states that in a genotype where two different alleles of a locus are present, only the trait encoded by the dominant allele is observed. Give a molecular explanation for dominance, i.e. explain intracellular molecular events that can result in what we observe as dominance on a phenotypic level. Use the gene that encodes seed shape in peas as an example, where roun(R) is dominant over wrinkled(r), to explain how RR and Rr plants can have the same phenotype.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of environmental impacts on the expression of traits? Heterozygous individuals of a plant species have pink flowers, whereas homozygous individuals have either red or white flowers. An individual’s blood type depends on the interaction of the alleles A, B, or O. Animal coat color shifts in response to seasonal changes in day length and temperature.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between multiple alleles and pleiotropy? The combined trait for chevron and patch pattern in clover plants is an example of multiple alleles, whereas pleiotropy refers to parental type for a single character. A character that is influenced by two or more genes refers to multiple alleles, whereas pleiotropy refers to the expression of at least two characters of a single offspring. Multiple alleles consist of alternative versions of a single gene, whereas pleiotropy occurs when mutation exists, resulting in different traits. Multiple alleles signify variations in skin color, whereas pleiotropy exists when there is a mutation especially in the HBB gene resulting in different disorders.arrow_forward
- If a B is a dominant allele that codes for a trait where the bearer of this allele has a black coat, and b is a recessive allele where the bearer has a brown coat, the recessive genotype will exhibit the phenotype of brown coat, the genotype will have the black coat phenotype, and the dominant genotype will have the black coat phenotype. (Use either heterozygous or homozygous in the blanks.)arrow_forwardTwo genes control the color and texture of tomatoes: Allele "R" generates a red coloration, and is dominant. Allele "r" generates a green coloration and is recessive. Allele "S" generates a smooth texture, and is dominant. Allele "s" generates a rough texture and is recessive. If you cross one tomato plant with genotype RrSs with another tomato plant with genotype rrss: RrSs x rrss Then what is the probability of getting Red tomatoes with Rough texture? Provide the probability as a percentage.arrow_forwardA cleft (dimpled) chin (C=cleft chin, c=no cleft chin) is caused by dominant allele. Two parents have NO cleft on their chin, but the father has prominent chin and the mother has a less prominent chin(P=prominent chin, p=less prominent chin). A prominent chin is dominant. Their child has a prominent chin and a cleft chin, explain how this is possible GENETICALLY? How do genetic drift and geneflow cause evolution? Give an examples.arrow_forward
- If a homozygous green leaf is represented by YY and a homozygous yellow leaf is represented by yy, what is the correct phenotype of the following alleles: YY, Yy, yy, Yy (in order)? A)Green, Green, Yellow, Green B)Green, Yellow, Green, Yellow C)Yellow, Yellow, Green, Yellow D)Yellow, Green, Green, Greenarrow_forwardIf two alleles of a gene are codominant, and an individual that is homozygous for one allele is crossed with an individual that is homozygous for the other: Group of answer choices epistasis is occurring. the two cancel each other out, and there is no phenotype in the offspring. offspring should only show phenotypes associated with the allele from the female parent. offspring should show phenotypes with full expression of both alleles.arrow_forwardCan you always ascertain an organism ‘s genotype for a particular locus if you know its phenotype? Conversely, if you are given an organism’s genotype for a locus, can you always reliably predict its phenotype? Explain.arrow_forward
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