Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter D, Problem 7P
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To analyze:

Carl Linnaeus, the 18th century botanist, the founder of modern system of taxonomic nomenclature, positioned the chimpanzees and humans in the same genus. Discuss the advantages of this classification.

Introduction:

Carl Linnaeus is known as “Father of modern taxonomy”. Taxonomy involves the naming of an organism while the classification deals with the determination of evolutionary relationships among the organisms that share a common ancestor. The classification of an organism is done by placing it in an order from the broadest domain and kingdom to the most specific by genus and species. The hierarchical groups between these domains and species include phylum, class, family, and the order. In a binomial system of nomenclature, genus is the Generic name while specific epithet is the species name.

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Because the genomes of chimpanzees and humans are almost identical, and the difference between them are no greater than any two humans, their classification has been changed. Chimpanzees and humans are placed in the same family and subfamily. They are in different “tribes”, which is a rarely used classification category between subfamily and genus. The former classification of chimpanzees and humans placed them in different families. Do you believe that chimpanzees should be classified in the same family and/or subfamily as humans? Or do you prefer the previous classification? Which way seems prejudicial? Give your reasonings
A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. The cladogram currently shows humans and chimpanzees with a more recent common ancestor compared to gorillas. Which piece of evidence, if true, would most likely weaken this hypothesis? Amino acid analysis of the cytochrome shows significant differences in the sequence of amino acids between humans and goriffas. DNA sequence analysis of the hemoglobin alpha gene shows that humans and chimpanzees have a more similar sequence to each other than they do to the gorilla's DNA sequence. The cells of the eye in embryos of gorillas and humans follow a similar pattern of development chimpanzee embryos are different Fossils of humans appear in deeper sedimentary rock layers compared to fossils of chimpanzees.
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