University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9CQ
Why is tbe equilibrium separation distance between K+ and Cl- different for a diatomic molecule than for solid KCl?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Why is the potential...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What does the energy...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding If the dissociation...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What happens to the...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding How does the magnitude of...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What conditions are...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an ionic bond,...Ch. 9 - For the following cases, what type of bonding...Ch. 9 - Describe three steps to ionic bonding.Ch. 9 - What prevents a positive and negative ion from...
Ch. 9 - For the H2 molecule, why must the spins the...Ch. 9 - Does the absorption spectrum of the diatomic...Ch. 9 - Rank the energy spacing (E) of the following...Ch. 9 - Explain key features of a vibrational-rotation...Ch. 9 - Why is tbe equilibrium separation distance between...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between a face-centered...Ch. 9 - In sodium chloride, how many Clatoms are “nearest...Ch. 9 - In cesium iodide, how many Clatoms are "nearest...Ch. 9 - The NaCl crystal structure is FCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - Why does the Fermi energy (EF) increase with the...Ch. 9 - If the election number density (N/V) of a metal...Ch. 9 - Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in...Ch. 9 - Why does the graph in Figure 9.12 increase...Ch. 9 - Why are the sharp transitions at the Fermi energy...Ch. 9 - What are the two main approaches used to determine...Ch. 9 - Describe two features of energy levels for an...Ch. 9 - How does the number of energy levels in a band...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials very good conductors and...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials semiconductors?Ch. 9 - Why does the resistance of a semiconductor...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if silicon...Ch. 9 - What is the Hall effect and what is it used for?Ch. 9 - For an n-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - For a p-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why is a...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why does...Ch. 9 - How do you know if a diode is in the forward...Ch. 9 - Why does the reverse bias configuration lead to a...Ch. 9 - What happens in the extreme case that where the n-...Ch. 9 - Explain how an audio amplifier works, using the...Ch. 9 - Describe two main features of a superconductor.Ch. 9 - How does BCS theory explain superconductivity?Ch. 9 - What is the Meissner effect?Ch. 9 - What impact does an increasing magnetic field have...Ch. 9 - The electron configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2....Ch. 9 - Potassium chloride (KCl) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - The electron affinity of Cl is 3.89 eV and the...Ch. 9 - The measured energy dissociated energy of KC1 is...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, find the equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The separation between oxygen atoms in an O2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the N2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy for KCl is 1.4105eV ....Ch. 9 - A diatomic F2 molecule is in the l = 1 state, (a)...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - The Csl crystal structure is BCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The potential energy of a crystal is - 8.10 eV/ion...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - Determine the dissociation energy of 12 moles of...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a KCl crystal is 1.984...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a CsCl crystal is 3.988...Ch. 9 - What is the difference in energy between the...Ch. 9 - An electron is confined to a metal cube of I = 0.8...Ch. 9 - What value of energy corresponds to a density of...Ch. 9 - Compare the density of states at 2.5 eV and 0.25...Ch. 9 - Consider a cube of copper with edges 1.50 mm long....Ch. 9 - If there is one free electron per atom of copper,...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energy and temperature for...Ch. 9 - For a one-dimensional crystal, write the lattice...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an insulator...Ch. 9 - What is the longest wavelength for a photon that...Ch. 9 - A valence electron in a crystal absorbs a photon...Ch. 9 - An experiment is performed to demonstrate the Hall...Ch. 9 - Suppose that the cross-sectional area of the strip...Ch. 9 - A current-carrying copper wire with cross-section...Ch. 9 - The Hall effect is demonstrated in the laboratory....Ch. 9 - Show that for V less than zero, InetI0.Ch. 9 - A p-n diode has a reverse saturation current...Ch. 9 - The collector current of a transistor is 3.4 A for...Ch. 9 - Applying the positive end of a battery to the...Ch. 9 - The base current of a transistor is 4.4 A, and its...Ch. 9 - At what temperature, in terms of Tc, is the...Ch. 9 - What is the critical magnetic field for lead at T...Ch. 9 - A Pb wire wound in a tight solenoid of diameter of...Ch. 9 - A tightly wound solenoid at 4.0 K is 50 cm long...Ch. 9 - Potassium fluoride (KF) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, sketch the potential...Ch. 9 - The separation between hydrogen atoms in a H2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the Cl2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - Determine the lowest three rotational energy...Ch. 9 - A carbon atom can hybridize in the...Ch. 9 - List five main characteristics of ionic crystals...Ch. 9 - Why is bonding in favorable? Express your answer...Ch. 9 - Astronomers claim to find evidence of He2 from...Ch. 9 - Show that the moment of inertia of a diatomic...Ch. 9 - Show that the average energy of an electron in a...Ch. 9 - Measurements of a superconductor's critical...Ch. 9 - Estimate the fraction of Si atoms that must be...Ch. 9 - Transition in the rotation spectrum are observed...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energies for (a) Mg, (b) Na,...Ch. 9 - Find the average energy of an electron in a Zn...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - A physical model of a diamond suggests packing...Ch. 9 - For an electron in a three-dimensional metal, show...
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Similar questions
- Check Your Understanding What does the energy separation between absorption lines in a rotational spectrum of a diatomic molecule tell you?arrow_forwardThe measured density of a KCl crystal is 1.984 g/cm3. What is the equilibrium separation distance of K+ and Cl- ions?arrow_forwardConsider the HCl molecule, which consists of a hydrogen atom of mass 1 u bound to a chlorine atom of mass 35 u. The equilibrium separation between the atoms is 0.128 nm, and it requires 0.15 eV of work to increase or decrease this separation by 0.01 nm. (a) Calculate the four lowest rotational energies (in eV) that are possible, assuming the molecule rotates rigidly. (b) Find the molecules spring constant and its classical frequency of vibration. (Hint: Recall that U=12Kx2.) (c) Find the two lowest vibrational energies and the classical amplitude of oscillation corresponding to each of these energies. (d) Determine the longest wavelength radiation that the molecule can emit in a pure rotational transition and in a pure vibrational transition.arrow_forward
- The measured density of a CsCl crystal is 3.988 g/cm3. What is the equilibrium separate distance of Cs+ and Cl- ions?arrow_forwardFor the following cases, what type of bonding expected? (a) KCl molecule; (b) N2 molecule.arrow_forwarda) Which of these transistor structures, n-channel JFET, E-MOSFET and D- MOSFET can be operated in enhancement model and why is that possible?arrow_forward
- A 1H 19F molecule, with a bond length of 91.68 pm, absorbed on the surface and rotates in twodimensions. A) What is the smallest quantum energy that can be absorbed by this molecule in afirst rotational excitation?B) Calculate the zero-point energy for this moleculearrow_forwardHcp structure. Show that the cla ratio for an ideal hexagonal close-packed strue- ture is 2 = 1.633. If cla is significantly larger than this value, the crystal structure be thought of as composed of planes of closely packed atoms, the planes being loosely stacked. %3D mayarrow_forwardExample 1: Find the hole concentration in N-type semiconductor when the donor concentration is 2 x1012cm-3 and intrinsic value of silicon material at T = 300° K is 1.25 x10 cm-3. ст %3Darrow_forward
- (e) Explain what you understand by the statement: “the bonding in a solid is 30 % ionic and 70 % covalent". Why such types of bondings are occurred in a materials. Give proper reasoning with examples.arrow_forwardP11C.15 The rotational constant for a diatomic molecule in the vibrational state with quantum number v typically fits the expression B, = B,- a(v+}), where B, is the rotational constant corresponding to the equilibrium bond length. For the interhalogen molecule IF it is found that B, = 0.279 71 cm and a = 0.187 m (note the change of units). Calculate B, and B, and use these values to calculate the wavenumbers of the transitions originating from J= 3 of the P and R branches. You will need the following additional information: v = 610.258 cm and x,ỹ = 3.141 cm. Estimate the dissociation energy of the IF molecule.arrow_forwardThe equilibrium separation between the two ions in the KCl molecule is 0.267 nm. (a) Assuming that the K+ and Cl- ions are point particles, compute the electric dipole moment of the molecule. (b) Compute the ratio of your result in (a) to the measured electric dipole moment of 5.41 x 10-29 C*m. This ratio is known as the fractional ionic character of the molecular bond.arrow_forward
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