Chemistry
Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393919370
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecules that contain polar bonds; the polar molecules and the non-polar molecules from the given molecules are to be identified.

Concept introduction: Polarity in bond arises due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms.

If the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero, the molecule is non-polar.

If the molecule has some net dipole moment than the molecule is polar.

The overall polarity of the molecule is determined by calculating the vector sum of the individual bond polarities.

To identify: The molecules that contain polar bonds.

a.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.45QP

Solution

All the molecules contain polar bonds in there structure.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Polarity in bond arises due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms.

For molecule (a)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  1, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atoms because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  2 is polar.

For molecule (b)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  3, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen atom because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  4 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  5 is polar.

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  6, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atom because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  7 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  8 is polar.

For molecule (c)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  9, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  10 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  11 is polar.

For molecule (d)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  12, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and hydrogen atom because sulphur is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  13 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  14 is polar.

For molecule (e)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  15, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  16 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  17 is polar.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

To identify: The molecules that are polar.

b.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.45QP

Solution

The polar molecules are Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  18,Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  19 and Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  20.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Polarity in bond arises due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms.

If the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero, the molecule is non polar in nature.

If the molecule has some net dipole moment than the molecule is polar in nature.

The overall polarity of the molecule is determined by calculating the vector sum of the individual bond polarities.

For molecule (a)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  21, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atoms because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  22 are polar.

The dipole moment of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  23 bonds get cancelled out to give zero net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  24 is non polar.

For molecule (b)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  25, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen atom because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  26 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  27 is polar.

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  28, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atom because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  29 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  30 is polar.

The sum of dipole moment of one Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  31 bond and three Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  32 give a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  33 molecule is polar.

For molecule (c)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  34, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  35 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  36 is polar.

The dipole moment of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  37 bonds get cancelled out to give zero net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  38 is non polar.

For molecule (d)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  39, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and hydrogen atom because sulphur is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  40 bondS in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  41 is polar.

The sum of dipole moment of two Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  42 bonds gives a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  43 molecule is polar.

For molecule (e)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  44, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  45 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  46 is polar.

The structure of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  47 is bent. The sum of dipole moment of two Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  48 bonds gives a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  49 molecule is polar.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

To identify: The molecules that are non polar.

c.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.45QP

Solution

The polar molecules are Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  50 and Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  51.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Polarity in bond arises due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms.

If the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero, the molecule is non polar in nature.

If the molecule has some net dipole moment than the molecule is polar in nature.

The overall polarity of the molecule is determined by calculating the vector sum of the individual bond polarities.

For molecule (a)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  52, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atoms because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  53 is polar.

The dipole moment of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  54 bonds get cancelled out to give zero net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  55 is non polar.

For molecule (b)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  56, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen atom because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  57 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  58 is polar.

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  59, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and chlorine atom because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  60 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  61 is polar.

The sum of dipole moment of one Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  62 bond and three Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  63 give a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  64 molecule is polar.

For molecule (c)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  65, there is difference in electronegativity of carbon and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  66 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  67 is polar.

The dipole moment of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  68 bonds get cancelled out to give zero net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  69 is non polar.

For molecule (d)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  70, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and hydrogen atom because sulphur is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  71 bond in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  72 is polar.

The sum of dipole moment of two Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  73 bonds gives a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  74 molecule is polar.

For molecule (e)

In Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  75, there is difference in electronegativity of sulphur and oxygen atoms because oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  76 bonds in Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  77 is polar.

The structure of Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  78 is bent. The sum of dipole moment of two Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  79 bonds gives a net dipole moment to the molecule.

Therefore, the Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  80 molecule is polar.

Conclusion

  1. a. All the molecules contains polar bonds in there structure.
  2. b. The polar molecules are Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  81, Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  82 and Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  83.
  3. c. The polar molecules are Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  84 and Chemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.45QP , additional homework tip  85.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Chemistry

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