Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(a)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with highest boiling point is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest boiling point and justify it.
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest boiling point and justify the same.
The compounds other than
The compound with the highest boiling point is identified and the same is justified.
(b)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(b)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest freezing point is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest freezing point and justify it.
The compound with lowest freezing point is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest freezing point and justify the same.
The compounds other than
The other compounds
The compound with the lowest boiling point is identified and the same is justified.
(c)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(c)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest vapor pressure is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest vapor pressure and justify it.
The compound
A boiling liquid partly vaporizes and the vaporized molecules do exist in equilibrium with the liquid molecules. The pressure exerted by the vaporized molecules is termed as vapor pressure. Molecules are able to move freely if the intermolecular forces are weak. The more the free movement of molecules the more will be the pressure exerted by them. If the intermolecular forces are strong, the movement of the molecules is restricted to some extent that the pressure exerted by them will be low. Thus increase in the strength of intermolecular forces in a substance decreases its vapor pressure.
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest vapor pressure and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces exist in them are not of high strength.
In
The compound with the lowest vapor pressure is identified and the same is justified.
(d)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(d)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with greatest viscosity is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest viscosity and justify it.
Viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow. A liquid is said to be highly viscous if it hardly flows. When the intermolecular forces are strong, the molecules are unable to move freely. The strong hydrogen bonding in the molecules of
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest viscosity and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces exist in them are not of high strength.
The compound with the highest viscosity is identified and the same is justified.
(e)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(e)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with greatest heat of vaporization is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has highest heat of vaporization and justify it.
The compound with highest heat of vaporization is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the highest heat of vaporization and justify the same.
The low strength of intermolecular forces in
Unlike
The compound with the highest heat of vaporization is identified and the same is justified.
(f)
Interpretation:
From the given set of compounds, the compounds with highest boiling point, lowest freezing point, smallest vapor pressure, greatest viscosity, greatest heat of vaporization, smallest enthalpy of fusion have to be identified and the same has to be justified.
Concept Introduction:
Matter is generally classified into three distinct categories viz., solid state, liquid state, gaseous state. In all of these three states of matter, the constituents (molecules or ions) of the matter do possess forces between them which are not the same in each state. These forces are called intermolecular forces.
The intermolecular forces are relatively strong in the solids than liquids and weaker in the gaseous substances. This variation influences many of the properties of all the three distinct states of the matter. Compounds with strong intermolecular forces have high melting point, boiling point, freezing point, viscosity enthalpy of vaporization, enthalpy of fusion and low vapor pressure.
The strength of intermolecular forces is,
(f)
Answer to Problem 42E
The compound with lowest enthalpy of fusion is
Explanation of Solution
Identify the compound which has lowest enthalpy of fusion and justify it.
The compound with lowest enthalpy of fusion is
Analyze why the other compounds don’t have the lowest enthalpy of vaporization and justify the same.
The intermolecular forces in the compounds given except
The compound with the lowest enthalpy of fusion is identified and the same is justified.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Consider the following data for xenon: Triple point: 121C, 280 torr Normal melting point: 112C Normal boiling point: 107C Which is more dense, Xe(s) or Xe(l)? How do the melting point and boiling point of xenon depend on pressure?arrow_forwardWhen I mole of benzene is vaporized at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at its boiling point of 353.0 K, 30.79 kJ of energy (heat) is absorbed and the volume change is +28.90 L. What are E and H for this process?arrow_forward8.48 Why must the vapor pressure of a substance be measured only after dynamic equilibrium is established?arrow_forward
- Rubidium chloride has the sodium chloride structure at normal pressures but assumes the cesium chloride structure at high pressures. (See Exercise 69.) What ratio of densities is expected for these two forms? Does this change in structure make sense on the basis of simple models? The ionic radius is 148 pm for Rb+ and 181 pm for CI.arrow_forwardThe surface tension and viscosity of water at several different temperatures are given in this table. Water Surface Tension (mN/m) Viscosity (mPa s) 0 C 75.6 1.79 20 C 72.8 1.00 60 C 66.2 0.47 100 C 58.9 0.28 (a) As temperature increases, what happens to the surface tension of water? Explain why this occurs, in terms of molecular interactions and the effect of changing temperature. (b) As temperature increases, what happens to the viscosity of water? Explain why this occurs, in terms of molecular interactions and the effect of changing temperature.arrow_forwardSilicon carbide, SiC, is a very hard, high-melting solid. What kind of crystal forces account for these properties?arrow_forward
- Liquid ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is one of the main ingredients in commercial antifreeze. Would you predict its viscosity to be greater or less than that of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?arrow_forwardHow do ionic solids differ in structure from molecular solids? What are the fundamental panicles in each? Give two examples of each type of solid and indicate the individual particles that make up the solids in each of your examples.arrow_forwardWhat feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor in a closed container?arrow_forward
- ou seal a container half-filled with water. Which best describes what occurs in the container? Water evaporates until the air becomes saturated with water vapor; at this point, no more water evaporates. Water evaporates until the air becomes overly saturated (supersaturated) with water, and most of this water recondenses; this cycle continues until a certain amount of water vapor is present, and then the cycle ceases. The water does not evaporate because the container sealed. Water evaporates, and thou water evaporates and recondenses simultaneously and continuously. The water evaporates until it is eventually all in vapor form. stify your choice, and for choices you did not pick, explain what is wrong with them.arrow_forwardDichloromethane, CH2Cl2,is widely used as a degreaser and paint stripper. Its vapor pressure is 381.0 mm Hg at 21.9C and 465.8 mm Hg at 26.90C. Estimate (a) its heat of vaporization (Hvap). (b) its normal boiling point.arrow_forwardNanotechnology, or technology utilizing 1100 nm sized particles, has rapidly expanded in the past few decades, with potential applications ranging across far-reaching fields such as electronics, medicine, biomaterials, and consumer products, to name a few. One of the primary advantages of nanoparticles is the presence of large surface/mass ratios, resulting in enhanced surface activities compared to bulk materials. a Use the density of silver (10.49 g/cm3) to determine the number of Ag atoms in a spherical 20.-nm silver particle. b In the crystalline metallic environment, the measured radii of silver atoms has been measured to be 144 pm. Use this to calculate the atomic packing fraction of a 20.-nm silver particle. In other words, calculate the ratio of the volume taken up by Ag atoms to the volume of the entire nanoparticle. c Based on the result of part (b), silver conforms to which type of cubic crystal lattice? A simple cubic B body-centered cubic C face-centered cubic d A cubic Ag ingot having a mass of 5.0-g is processed to form a batch of 20.-nm Ag nanoparticles. Calculate the ratio of the surface area provided by the batch of nanoparticles to the surface area of the initial cube of Ag.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning