Chemistry
Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393919370
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.98QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecules in which phosphorus atom has an expanded valence shell is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Atomic number of phosphorus is greater than twelve, hence it can expand its octet due to presence of d orbitals.

To determine: If phosphorus atom has an expanded valence shell in POCl3 .

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

Phosphorus has an expanded valence shell in POCl3 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15 .

The ground state electronic configuration of P is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3px1,3py1,3pz1 .

The excited state electronic configuration of P is

1s2,2s2,2p6,3s1,3px1,3py1,3pz1,3dxy1 .

The atomic number of oxygen is 8 .

The ground state electronic configuration of O is 1s2,2s2,2px2,2py1,2pz1 .

The atomic number of chlorine is 17 .

The ground state electronic configuration of Cl is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3px2,3py2,3pz1 .

There are five unpaired electrons in excited state of phosphorus due to promotion of electron to available d orbital. The unpaired electrons in oxygen is 2 and upaired electron in chlorine is 1 . There are 3 chlorine atoms and 1 oxygen atom in POCl3 . The three chlorine atoms and one oxygen atom will react with five unpaired electrons in phosphorus to form POCl3 . Due to presence of d orbital, phosphorus will expand its valence shell and form POCl3 .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If phosphorus atom has an expanded valence shell in PF5 .

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

Phosphorus has an expanded valence shell in PF5 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15 .

The ground state electronic configuration of P is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3px1,3py1,3pz1 .

The excited state electronic configuration of P is

1s2,2s2,2p6,3s1,3px1,3py1,3pz1,3dxy1 .

The atomic number of flourine is 9 .

The ground state electronic configuration of F is 1s2,2s2,2px2,2py2,2pz1 .

There are five unpaired electrons in excited state of phosphorus due to promotion of electron to available d orbital. There are 5 flourine atoms in PF5 . The five fluorine atoms will react with five unpaired electrons in phosphorus to form PF5 . Due to presence of d orbital, phosphorus will expand its valence shell and form PF5 .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If phosphorus atom has an expanded valence shell in PF3 .

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

Phosphorus does not have an expanded valence shell in PF3 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15 .

The ground state electronic configuration of P is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3px1,3py1,3pz1 .

The atomic number of flourine is 9 .

The ground state electronic configuration of F is 1s2,2s2,2px2,2py2,2pz1 .

There are three unpaired electrons in ground state of phosphorus. There are 3 flourine atoms in PF3 . The three fluorine atoms will react with three unpaired electrons in phosphorus to form PF3 . Since d orbitals are not used, phosphorus does not have an expanded valence shell in PF3 .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If phosphorus atom has an expanded valence shell in P2F4 .

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.98QP

Phosphorus does not have an expanded valence shell in P2F4 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15 .

The ground state electronic configuration of P is 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3px1,3py1,3pz1 .

The atomic number of flourine is 9 .

The ground state electronic configuration of F is 1s2,2s2,2px2,2py2,2pz1 .

There are three unpaired electrons in ground state of phosphorus. Fluorine has one unpaired electron in its valence orbital. The two fluorine atoms will react with two unpaired electrons that are located at the 3px and 3py orbitals while the 3pz orbital is paired with unpaired electron of the second phosphorus atom. Similarly, the second phosphorus atom will react with two phosphorus atom and the third electron will pair up with the first phosphorus atom and form P2F4 molecule. Since d orbitals are not used, phosphorus does not have an expanded valence shell in P2F4 .

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry

Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 11PECh. 8.8 - Prob. 12PECh. 8 - Prob. 8.1VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.5VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.8VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.11VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.12VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.15VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.17VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.22QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.31QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.32QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.34QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.39QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.50QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.68QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.82QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.90QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.91QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.99QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.100QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.107QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.108QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.109QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.115QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.116QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.117QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.118QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.119QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.120QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.121QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.122QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.123QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.124QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.125QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.126QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.127QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.128QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.129QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.130QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.131QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.132QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.133QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.134QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.135QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.136QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.137QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.138QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.139APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.140APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.141APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.142APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.143APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.144APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.145APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.146APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.147APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.148APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.149APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.150APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.151APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.152APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.153APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.154APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.155APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.156APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.157APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.158APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.159APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.160APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.161APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.162APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.163APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.164APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.165APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.166APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.167APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.168APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.169APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.170APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.171APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.172APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.173APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.174APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.175APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.176AP
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