Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why it is important to specify an identity of the anion in the given case even though it is a spectator ion.
Concept introduction:
Ionic strength of a solution is calculated by adding the concentration of each ion present in the solution after multiplying it by their corresponding charges. The ionic strength of the solution is represented as,
Where,
•
•
(b)
Interpretation:
The expected voltage for the given
Concept introduction:
Activity coefficient depends upon the charge and size of the ion, and on the properties of the solvent. Debye-Huckel limiting law, describes the relation between the ionic strength and activity coefficient of a dilute solution.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- Write the empirical formula of the compound formed by (a) Al3+ and Cl - ions, (b) Al 3+ and O2 - ions, (c) Mg2+ and NO3 ions.arrow_forwardWrite an equation to show that hydrochloric acid , HCl , behaves as an acid in water. Write an equation to show that hypochlorous acid , HClO , behaves as an acid in water. Write a net ionic equation to show that phosphoric acid, H3PO4, behaves as an acid in water. Consider only its first ionization.arrow_forwardWrite the empirical formula of the compound formed by (a) Al3+ and Cl- ions, (b) Al3+ and O2 - ions, (c) Mg2+ and NO3- ions.arrow_forward
- When each of the following pairs of aqueous solutions is mixed, does a precipitation reaction occur? If so, write the formula and name of the precipitate. (Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2. Type NONE in the blanks if there is no precipitation reaction.) (a) lead(II) nitrate + potassium bromideformulaname(b) sodium sulfide + nickel(II) sulfateformulanamearrow_forwardWrite a balanced chemical reaction for the oxidation of zinc metal with hydrochloric acid. (The products in the reaction are hydrogen gas and a salt.)arrow_forward5. When substances form solutions with water, they always dissolve, but sometimes they also dissociate. (i) Explain the difference between the terms dissolve and dissociate. Then, (ii) explain why ionic substances must dissociate to dissolve in water while covalent substances do not have to dissociate to dissolve in water.arrow_forward
- The organic molecules shown here are derivatives of benzene in which six-membered rings are “fused” at the edges of the hexagons. (a) Determine the empirical formula of benzene and of these three compounds. (b) Suppose you are given a sample of one of the compounds. Could combustion analysis be used to determine unambiguously which of the three it is? (c) Naphthalene, the active ingredient in mothballs, is a white solid. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of naphthalene to CO2(g) and H2O(g). (d) Using the Lewis structure for naphthalene and the average bond enthalpies in Table 8.4, estimate the heat of combustion of naphthalene in kJ/mol. (e) Would you expect naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene to have multiple resonance structures? If so, draw the additional resonance structures for naphthalene. (f) Benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene are colorless, but tetracene is orange. What does this imply…arrow_forward4. Complete, formulate, and balance the following equations: (a) Calcium chloride + lead(II) nitrate (b) Sodium sulfide + zinc chloride (c) Barium hydroxide + Phosphoric acidarrow_forwardAn electrode has a negative electrode potential. Which statement is correct regarding the potential energy of an electron at this electrode?(a) An electron at this electrode has a lower potential energy than it has at a standard hydrogen electrode.(b) An electron at this electrode has a higher potential energy than it has at a standard hydrogen electrode.(c) An electron at this electrode has the same potential energy as it has at astandard hydrogen electrode.arrow_forward
- As shown in the following Figure, an aqueous solution of Nal is poured into an aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 which results in the formation of a yellow precipitate. Assuming stoichiometric amounts of Nal and Pb(NO3)2 are reacted, give the chemical formula of the yellow precipitate and the chemical formula of all molecules and/or ions that are present in the solution (You may use the solubility matrix to answer this question). (b)arrow_forwarda) What mass of strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2) would be required to prepare 2.000 L of a 0.0180 M aqueous solution of this salt? (b) Calculate the mass percent of Sr(NO3)2 in this solution, assuming the density of the solution is 1.000 kg/L. c.) A 15.0 g sample of anhydrous sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, is dissolved in 4.83 L of water. The molar mass of sodium sulfate is 142.1 g/mol. Use the equation given to calculate the molality (m) of the solution, in mol/kg.For this situation, assume the density of water is 1.00 g/mL.arrow_forwardHard water contains magnesium and calcium ions 1Mg2+, Ca2+2, which can precipitate out in hot water pipes and water heaters as carbonates. Write the net ionic equation for this reaction.arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning