ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEM. PROCESS.
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119249214
Author: FELDER
Publisher: INTER WILE
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.75P
Freeze concentration is used to produce a fruit-juice concentrate. A stream of fresh juice containing
12 wt% soluble solids in water at 20°C is combined with a recycle stream to form a preconcentrate, which is fed to a crystallizer. The mixture is cooled in the crystallizer to —7°C, thereby crystallizing 20,000 kg/h of ice. A slurry leaves the crystallizer containing 10wt% ice and is fed to a filter. The filtrate, which contains 45 wt% dissolved solids, is removed as the process product. The remaining slurry, which contains all the ice and some concentrate (also containing 45% dissolved solids), is sent to a separator that cleanly removes all of the ice. The residual liquid is the recycle stream that combines with the fresh feed to form the preconcentrate.
- Determine the rates (kg/h) at which fresh fruit juice is fed and concentrate is produced, and the mass flow rate (kg/h) and solids concentration of the preconcentrate.
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A mixture containing 42 wt% benzene (B) and 58 wt% toluene (T) is fed to a distillation column at a flow rate of 100 kg per minute. The product steam leaving the top of the column (the overhead product) contains 90 wt% benzene and 85 wt% of the total benzene fed to the column exits in this overhead product stream.
Calculate the mass flow rate and mass composition of the product stream leaving the bottom of the column. Calculate the volumetric flow rate of the overhead product, assuming that it exits the distillation column as a vapour stream at 82C and 1 atm (abs).
Physical Property Data (S.G.= specific gravity) from table B-1:
Benzene
S.G. = 0.879
MW = 78.11 g/mol
Toluene
S.G. = 0.866
MW = 92.13 g/mol
Water
Density = 1.00 kg/L
MW = 18.02 g/mol
R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
Q3/ A 100 mole feed containing equimolar amounts of methanol and water is mixe
with 10 moles of a 40 mole% aqueous methanol stream. The mixture enters a distillation
column that creates two streams. A top stream exits that contains 70 mole% methanol and
balance with water. The bottom stream, which is 70 moles, enters a second distillation
column. A top stream exits the second column as a 50% methanol and 50% water. The two top
streams exiting the distillation column have the same flow rate. Calculate all unknown streams
variables.
Q4/in a two stage process, acetic acid (A)is extracted from water (W) into hexanol (H)
in a liquid-liquid extraction vessel and the extract is subsequently separated by distillation.
Assume that water is completely insoluble in hexanol. A mixture of 18wt% acetic acid and
the balance water is feed to liquid-liquid extraction vessel. Pure hexanol is feed to the
column to extracted the acetic acid. The water-rich stream leaving the vessel is 99.5wt%
water and the balance acetic acid. The hexanol-rich extract from the vessel is feed to a
distillation column. The composition of the distillate is 96wt% acetic acid and the balance
hexanol. The bottom stream contains 97.2wt% hexanol and recovers 95% of the hexanol
feed to the liquid-liquid extraction vessel. Calculate the percentage of acetic acid in the
process feed that is recovered in the distillate stream.
Distillation
Liq-liq
Column
Extraction
Chapter 8 Solutions
ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEM. PROCESS.
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Ch. 8 - Chlorine gas is to be heated front 120°C and 1 atm...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.12PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14PCh. 8 - Use the enthalpy function of APEx to calculate...Ch. 8 - A stream of carbon monoxide flowing at 300 kg/min...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.17PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21PCh. 8 - Calculate the heat transfer (kJ) required to cool...Ch. 8 - Twenty liters of liquid n-propyl benzoate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.24PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26PCh. 8 - A fuel gas containing 95 mole% methane and the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.28PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29PCh. 8 - Ever wonder why espresso costs much more per cup...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.31PCh. 8 - Saturated steam at 300°C is used to heat a...Ch. 8 - Pure ethane is burned completely with preheated...Ch. 8 - An adiabatic membrane separation unit is used to...Ch. 8 - A gas containing water vapor has a dry-basis...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.36PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38PCh. 8 - In the manufacture of nitric acid, ammonia and...Ch. 8 - A natural gas containing 95 mole% methane and the...Ch. 8 - The heat capacity at constant pressure of a gas is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.42PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44PCh. 8 - Calculate the heat of vaporization of water...Ch. 8 - Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a polymer product...Ch. 8 - Benzene vapor at 480°C is cooled and converted to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.48PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.50PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53PCh. 8 - A stream of pure cyclopentane vapor flowing at a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.55PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57PCh. 8 - A gas stream containing n-hexane in nitrogen with...Ch. 8 - A mixture of n-hexane vapor and air leaves a...Ch. 8 - An equimolar liquid mixture of n-pentane and...Ch. 8 - A liquid stream containing 50.0 mole% benzene and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.63PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66PCh. 8 - An aqueous slurry at 30°C containing 20.0 wt%...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.68PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69PCh. 8 - A liquid is placed in a wcll-insulatcd container,...Ch. 8 - A small pharmaceutical firm plans to manufacture a...Ch. 8 - Freeze drying is a technique for dehydrating...Ch. 8 - The manufacturers of a new oatmeal product want to...Ch. 8 - Freeze concentration is used to produce a...Ch. 8 - A mixture containing 35.0 mole% n-butane and the...Ch. 8 - A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene containing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.79PCh. 8 - An outside-air sample is taken on a day when the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85PCh. 8 - Wet solids pass through a continuous dryer. Hot...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.88PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93PCh. 8 - The heat of solution of ammonia in water at 1 atm...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.96PCh. 8 - Sodium hydroxide is dissolved in enough water to...Ch. 8 - A sulfuric acid solution is labeled 8 N (where 1 N...Ch. 8 - You are about to dilute 2.00 mol of 100% sulfuric...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.100PCh. 8 - A 0.1 mole% caustic soda (NaOH) solution is to be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.102PCh. 8 - Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is produced as a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.104PCh. 8 - Fifty milliliters of 100% H2SO4 at 25°C and 84.2...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.106PCh. 8 - One g-mole of pure liquid sulfuric acid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.108PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111PCh. 8 - Taking as references pure liquid sulfuric acid at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.113PCh. 8 - An NH3-H2O mixture containing 60wt% NH3 is brought...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.115P
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