FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS+APPS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259877766
Author: CENGEL
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8, Problem 59CP
A piping system involves sharp turns, and thus large minor head losses. One way of reducing the head loss is to replace the sharp turns by circular elbows. What is another way?
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Suppose the pump as shown in the figure is operating at free delivery conditions. The pipe, both upstream and downstream of the
pump, has an inner diameter of 2.0 cm and nearly zero roughness. The minor loss coefficient associated with the sharp inlet is 0.50,
each valve has a minor loss coefficient of 2.4, and each of the three elbows has a minor loss coefficient of 0.90. The contraction at the
exit reduces the diameter by a factor of 0.60 (60% of the pipe diameter), and the minor loss coefficient of the contraction is 0.15. Note
that this minor loss coefficient is based on the average exit velocity, not the average velocity through the pipe itself. The total length of
pipe is 8.75 m, and the elevation difference is (z1 - z) = 4.6 m. The pump's performance follows a parabolic curve fit,
Havailable = H, - aV
where Ho = 19.8 m is the pump's shutoff head, and a = 0.00426 m/(Lpm)2 is a coefficient of the curve fit. Estimate the operating
volume flow rate V in Lpm (liters per minute).
The…
In a pipe with constant flow rate, if diameter of pipe is halved and length of pipe is doubled, then the head loss due to friction will be increased by what amount of initial value?
Chapter 8 Solutions
FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS+APPS
Ch. 8 - How is the hydrodynamic entry length defined for...Ch. 8 - Why are liquids usually transported in circular...Ch. 8 - What is the physical significance of the Reynolds...Ch. 8 - Consider a person walking first in air and then in...Ch. 8 - Show that the Reynolds number for flow in a...Ch. 8 - Which fluid at room temperature requires a larger...Ch. 8 - What is the eneia1Iy accepted value of the...Ch. 8 - Consider the flow of air and wale in pipes of the...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow in a circular pipe. Is the...Ch. 8 - How does surface roughness affect the pressure...
Ch. 8 - What is hydraulic diameter? How is it defined?...Ch. 8 - Shown here is a cool picture of water being...Ch. 8 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 8 - In the fully developed region of flow in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the volume flow rate in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the average velocity in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the shear stress at the center...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that in fully developed turbulent...Ch. 8 - How does the wall shear stress w , vary along the...Ch. 8 - How is the friction factor for flow in a pipe...Ch. 8 - Discuss whether fully developed pipe flow is one-,...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed flow in a circular pipe...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed laminar how in a...Ch. 8 - Explain why the friction factor is independent of...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow of air in a circular pipe...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed laminar flow in a...Ch. 8 - How is head loss related to pressure loss? For a...Ch. 8 - What is turbulent viscosity? What caused it?Ch. 8 - What is the physical mechanism that causes the...Ch. 8 - The head toss for a certain circular pipe is given...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile for the fully developed...Ch. 8 - Water at 15°C (p = 999.1 kg/m3 and = 1.138 × 10-3...Ch. 8 - Water at 70F passes through...Ch. 8 - Heated air at 1 atm and 100F is to be transported...Ch. 8 - In fully developed laminar flow in a circular...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile in fully developed laminar...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-36 for a pipe of inner radius 7 cm.Ch. 8 - Water at 10C (p = 999.7 kg/m3 and = 1.307 ×...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow of a fluid through a square...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-39 for tribulent flow in smooth...Ch. 8 - Air enters a 10-m-long section of a rectangular...Ch. 8 - Consider an air solar collector that is 1 m wide...Ch. 8 - Oil with p = 876 kg/m3 and = 0.24 kg/m.s is...Ch. 8 - Glycenii at 40 C with p = l22 kg/m3 and = 0.27...Ch. 8 - Air at 1 atm and 60 F is flowing through a 1 ft ×...Ch. 8 - Oil with a density of 850 kg/m3 and kinematic...Ch. 8 - In an air heating system, heated air at 40 C and...Ch. 8 - Glycerin at 40 C with p = 1252 kg/m3 and = 0.27...Ch. 8 - Liquid ammonia at 20 C is flowing through a...Ch. 8 - Consider the fully developed flow of glycerin at...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile for a steady laminar flow in...Ch. 8 - The generalized Bernoulli equation for unsteady...Ch. 8 - What is minor loss in pipe flow? How is the minor...Ch. 8 - Define equivalent length for minor loss in pipe...Ch. 8 - The effect of rounding of a pipe inlet on the loss...Ch. 8 - The effect of rounding of a pipe exit on the loss...Ch. 8 - Which has a greater minor loss coefficient during...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves sharp turns, and thus...Ch. 8 - During a retrofitting project of a fluid flow...Ch. 8 - A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from...Ch. 8 - Consider flow from a water reservoir through a...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-62 for a slightly rounded entrance...Ch. 8 - Water is to be withdrawn from an 8-m-high water...Ch. 8 - A piping system equipped with a pump is operating...Ch. 8 - Water is pumped from a large lower reservoir to a...Ch. 8 - For a piping system, define the system curve, the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68CPCh. 8 - Consider two identical 2-m-high open tanks tilled...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of different...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of different...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of identical...Ch. 8 - Water at 15 C is drained from a large reservoir...Ch. 8 - Prob. 74PCh. 8 - The water needs of a small farm are to be met by...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76EPCh. 8 - A 2.4-m-diameter tank is initially filled with...Ch. 8 - A 3-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water...Ch. 8 - Reconsider Prob. 8-78. In order to drain the tank...Ch. 8 - Gasoline (p = 680 kg/m3 and v = 4.29 × 10-7 m2/s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81EPCh. 8 - Oil at 20 C is flowing through a vertical glass...Ch. 8 - Prob. 83PCh. 8 - A 4-in-high cylindrical tank having a...Ch. 8 - A fanner is to pump water at 70 F from a river to...Ch. 8 - A water tank tilled with solar-heated vater at 4OC...Ch. 8 - Two water reservoirs A and B are connected to each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 89PCh. 8 - A certain pail of cast iron piping of a water...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-91 assuming pipe A has a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 93PCh. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-93 for cast lion pipes of the same...Ch. 8 - Water is transported by gravity through a...Ch. 8 - Water to a residential area is transported at a...Ch. 8 - In large buildings, hot water in a water tank is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 99PCh. 8 - Two pipes of identical length and material are...Ch. 8 - What are the primary considerations when selecting...Ch. 8 - What is the difference between laser Doppler...Ch. 8 - Prob. 103CPCh. 8 - Prob. 104CPCh. 8 - Explain how flow rate is measured with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106CPCh. 8 - Prob. 107CPCh. 8 - Prob. 108CPCh. 8 - A 15-L kerosene tank (p = 820 kg/m3) is filled...Ch. 8 - Prob. 110PCh. 8 - Prob. 111PCh. 8 - Prob. 112PCh. 8 - Prob. 113PCh. 8 - Prob. 114EPCh. 8 - Prob. 115EPCh. 8 - Prob. 116PCh. 8 - A Venturi meter equipped with a differential...Ch. 8 - Prob. 119PCh. 8 - Prob. 120PCh. 8 - Prob. 121PCh. 8 - Prob. 122EPCh. 8 - Prob. 123PCh. 8 - The flow rate of water at 20°C (p = 998 kg/m3 and ...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125PCh. 8 - Prob. 126PCh. 8 - Prob. 127PCh. 8 - The conical container with a thin horizontal tube...Ch. 8 - Prob. 129PCh. 8 - The compressed air requirements of a manufacturing...Ch. 8 - A house built on a riverside is to be cooled iii...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile in fully developed lamina,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133PCh. 8 - Two pipes of identical diameter and material are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 135PCh. 8 - Shell-and-tube heat exchangers with hundred of...Ch. 8 - Water at 15 C is to be dischaged froiti a...Ch. 8 - Consider flow front a reservoir through a...Ch. 8 - A pipelme ihat Eransports oil ai 4OC at a iate of...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-140 for hot-water flow of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 142PCh. 8 - Prob. 145EPCh. 8 - Prob. 146EPCh. 8 - In a hydroelectric power plant. water at 20°C is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 148PCh. 8 - Prob. 152PCh. 8 - The water at 20 C in a l0-m-diameter, 2-m-high...Ch. 8 - Prob. 155PCh. 8 - Find the total volume flow rate leaving a tank...Ch. 8 - Prob. 158PCh. 8 - Water is siphoned from a reservoir open to the...Ch. 8 - It is a well-known fact that Roman aqueduct...Ch. 8 - In a piping system, what is used to control the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 163PCh. 8 - Prob. 164PCh. 8 - Prob. 165PCh. 8 - Consider laminar flow of water in a...Ch. 8 - Water at 10 C flows in a 1.2-cm-diameter pipe at a...Ch. 8 - Engine oil at 20 C flows in a 15-cm-diamcter pipe...Ch. 8 - Prob. 169PCh. 8 - Watet flows in a I 5-cm-diameter pipe a, a...Ch. 8 - The pressure drop for a given flow is determined...Ch. 8 - Prob. 172PCh. 8 - Air at 1 atm and 25 C flows in a 4-cm-diameter...Ch. 8 - Hot combustion 8ases approximated as air at I atm...Ch. 8 - Air at 1 aim and 40 C flows in a 8-cm-diameter...Ch. 8 - The valve in a piping system cause a 3.1 in head...Ch. 8 - A water flow system involves a 180 return bend...Ch. 8 - Air flows in an 8-cm-diameter, 33-m-long pipe at a...Ch. 8 - Consider a pipe that branches out into two...Ch. 8 - Prob. 182PCh. 8 - Prob. 183PCh. 8 - Prob. 184PCh. 8 - Prob. 185PCh. 8 - Prob. 186PCh. 8 - Design an experiment to measure the viscosity of...Ch. 8 - During a camping trip you notice that water is...
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- This is merely a past paper question please assistarrow_forwardhead loss due to sudden contraction valve in a piping system is much higher than gradually contracting one. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE? elaborate your answer.arrow_forwardA piping system involves sharp turns, and thus large minor head losses. One way of reducing the head loss is to replace the sharp turns by circular elbows. What is another way?arrow_forward
- last three digits of your number for the upstream pressure: 754arrow_forwardFrom the figure, find the flow rate of water flowing into the atmosphere, given H = 30 m, and give the friction loss coefficient f = 0.0155, the rounded inlet loss coefficient = 0.05, the coefficient of friction. Elbow loss = 0.90, and exit loss coefficient = 1.0 when l1=l3 = 60 m, l2 = 20 m, d=20 mm.arrow_forwardStraight 0.15 m diameter cast iron pipe with equivalent roughness e = 0.22 mm is used for water transportation from lake to a reservoir. The flow rate of water is 5 m3 min-1 and the total length of the pipe is 80 m. Assuming that water temperature is approximately 20°C determine the head loss in metres in the pipe. Provide the answer to three significant figures and enter the numerical value only (e.g. 0.123, 123, 123000, 0.0123, but not 0.0123 m) Partial credit is available for this question.arrow_forward
- Pressures at the start and end of a straight horizontal pipe pumping water are measured as 2560337.6Pa and 168693.4Pa, respectively. Calculate the head loss due to friction. (Lemme Know If anything missed)arrow_forwardThe old Hydraulics laboratory in Mechanical Engineering used a roof tank tosupply apparatus with water at a nearly constant head. The water wascollected in an under floor sump, and then pumped back to the roof tankafter the experiment. The flow rate was 10 litre s-1. The tank was 6m abovethe sump, and the length of the pipe route was 15 m. The old 6” pipes arenow heavily corroded (k = 7.5 mm). The old pump has been scrapped. Whathead ΔH would be specified for a pump to restore the system using the oldpipes? What would the pump power be? If the pipes were replaced with 150mm diameter PVC pipes, what pump ΔH would be required?arrow_forwardThe parallel galvanized iron pipe system of Fig. delivers water at 20°C with a total flow rate of 0.036 m3/s.If the pump is wide open and not running, with a loss coefficient K = 1.5, determine (a) the flow rate in each pipe and(b) the overall pressure drop.arrow_forward
- For turbulent flow in pipes (smooth as well as rough) show that Vmax. = 1.33Vf + 1 Varrow_forwardSolve it correctly please. I will rate accordingly with 3votes.arrow_forwardSelect duct sizes for the rectangular duct system shown in the Figure, using the equal friction method. The total pressure available for the duct system is 0.12 in. wg (30 Pa), and the loss in total pressure for each diffuser at the specified flow rate is 0.02 in. wg (5 Pa). Assume the velocity in mean duct 600 fpm. 150 che 25 Boo ae und torectang a5On e S. 150 ct 0.095 mi 071 15marrow_forward
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