Interpretation:
The relative rate of reaction, when
Concept Introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
Carbocation is a molecule having a carbon atom bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
Carbocation are generally unstable because they do not have eight electrons to satisfy the octet rule.
The order of stability of carbocation is such that the tertiary carbocation is the most stable whereas the primary carbocation is the least stable, and secondary carbocation lies between primary and tertiary carbocations.
If primary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to secondary or tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
If secondary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
The stability of carbocation:
The addition reaction is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted into saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
The primary carbon atom is the one in which the required atom of carbon is attached to only one other atom of carbon. It is denoted by
The secondary carbon atom is the one in which the required atom of carbon is attached to two other atoms of carbon. It is denoted by
The tertiary carbon atom is the one in which the required atom of carbon is attached to three other atoms of carbon. It is denoted by
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Organic Chemistry
- Reaction of this bicycloalkene with bromine in carbon tetrachloride gives a trans dibromide. In both (a) and (b), the bromine atoms are trans to each other. However, only one of these products is formed. Which trans dibromide is formed? How do you account for the fact that it is formed to the exclusion of the other trans dibromide?arrow_forwardaddition of hbr to a double bond with an ether (-or) substituent occurs regiospecifically to give a product in which the Br OR are bonded to the same carbon. Draw the two possible carbocation intermediates in this electrophilic addition reaction,and explain using resonance why the observed product is formed.arrow_forwardPropose reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of methyl ethyl ketone from (a) methanol and ethane, (b) methane and ethanol, and (c) methane, ethane, and water. For each elementary step, what would be a good reaction coordinate and why? What differences in the overall reaction rate would you expect? Plz do Allarrow_forward
- Identify the pericyclic reactions in the followingreaction schemes. Give the complete reaction name and indicate the course of the reaction with the aid of the arrow notation.arrow_forward11.; (a) Similar to alkanes, hydrogen gas can undergo radical bromination according to the reaction below. Propose a chain-reaction mechanism for this reaction, including an initiation step, propagation steps, and two plausible termination steps. The homolytic bond dissociation energy for Br-Br is 46 kcal·mole', for H-Br is 88 kcal'mole and for H-H is 104 kcal'mole'. hv H-H + Br-Br 2 H-Br (b) Calculate the overall AH for the above propagation steps (show all work).arrow_forwardConsider the reaction scheme shown below. HCI [1] ОН (a) Provide a detailed mechanism for reaction [1].arrow_forward
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- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning