Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134395326
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Suzanne M. Keller
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 27SAE
Summary Introduction
To review:
The passage of the vibrations from the eardrum to the spiral organ of Corti, where the hair cells are stimulated.
Introduction:
The auditory system is a sensory system that is responsible for the sense of hearing, and it involves the sensory organs called ears. The ear is divided into the outer, middle, and inner ear.
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Students have asked these similar questions
All sensory organs convert energy in the environment into action potentials in the nervous systern.
Explain the process of how our ears convert energy in the form of sound waves in the air into
action potentials along a nerve. Include the appropriate order of structures and regions of the ear
as well as the physiological process of creating action potentials and interpreting them in the brain.
Describe the structure of the ear, focusing on the role that each component plays in transmitting the vibrations that enter the outer ear to the auditory receptors in the inner ear. Please include references.
Auditory stimuli are transduced into receptor potentials by which structure of the ear? which is correct?
Tympanic membrane
Semicircular canals
Oval window
Organ of corti
Chapter 8 Solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8 - Alkaloids excite gustatory hairs mostly at the a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Which cranial nerve controls contraction of the...Ch. 8 - The cornea is nourished by a. corneal blood...Ch. 8 - When the eye focuses for far vision, a. the lens...Ch. 8 - Convergence a. requires contraction of the medial...Ch. 8 - 8. Which of the following are paired...Ch. 8 - Movement of the ______ membrane triggers bending...Ch. 8 - 10. Sounds entering the external acoustic meatus...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11SAECh. 8 - Prob. 12SAECh. 8 - 13. Diagram and label the internal structures of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14SAECh. 8 - Prob. 15SAECh. 8 - 16. What is the blind spot, and why is it so...Ch. 8 - What name is given to the structure that controls...Ch. 8 - What is the fovea centralis, and why is it...Ch. 8 - 19. Trace the pathway of light from the time it...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20SAECh. 8 - 21. Define hyperopia, myopia, and emmetropia.
Ch. 8 - Prob. 22SAECh. 8 - Prob. 23SAECh. 8 - Prob. 24SAECh. 8 - Many students struggling through mountains of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26SAECh. 8 - Prob. 27SAECh. 8 - Prob. 28SAECh. 8 - Prob. 29SAECh. 8 - Prob. 30SAECh. 8 - Prob. 31SAECh. 8 - Prob. 32SAECh. 8 - Prob. 33SAECh. 8 - Which special sense requires the most learning?Ch. 8 - 35. For each of the following descriptions,...Ch. 8 - An engineering student has been working in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 37CTCh. 8 - Prob. 38CTCh. 8 - Brandon suffered a ruptured artery in his middle...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40CTCh. 8 - Prob. 41CTCh. 8 - 42. Julie and her father love to find the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43CTCh. 8 - 44. Mrs. Garson has an immune disorder that causes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 45CTCh. 8 - Explain the role of vitamin A in vision.
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- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 3. Which of the three people had the best hearing in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 hertz? Which had the worst?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 2. How loud did a 1,000-hertz sound have to be for the 50-year-old carpenter to detect it?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 4. Based on these data, would you conclude that the hearing decline in the 50-year-old carpenter was caused by age or by job-related noise exposure?arrow_forward
- Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.arrow_forwardMatch each of the following terms with the appropriate description. _____ somatic senses (general senses)a.produced by strong stimulation _____ special sensesb.endings of sensory neurons or specialized cells next to them _____ variations in stimulus intensity _____ action potentialc.taste, smell, hearing, balance, and vision _____ sensory receptord.frequency and number of action potentials e.touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and muscle sensearrow_forwardJill is diagnosed with sensorineural deafness, a disorder in which sound waves are transmitted normally to the inner ear but they are not translated into neural signals that travel to the brain. Sometimes the cause is a problem with the auditory nerve, but in Jills case it has to do with a problem in the inner ear itself. Where in the inner ear is the disruption most likely to be located?arrow_forward
- Put the following parts of the ear in the order in which sounds waves would pass through them: auditory canal, cochlea, cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, incus, malleus, oval window, stapes, tympanic membranearrow_forwardname and describe one function of the outer eararrow_forwardInside a recital hall a musician plays a well-known song from the guitar repertoire, to the delight of audience members. A C-major chord is played. Subsequently, the corresponding sound wave, consisting of frequencies 130.8 Hz, 164.8 Hz, and 196 Hz, arrives at a listeners eardrum. Describe what subsequently takes place in the middle ear and in the inner ear (on the Basilian membrane) before the nervous system begins processing the stimulus.arrow_forward
- The ear can distinguish frequency and amplitude in sound waves. This gives the ear the ability to determine what?arrow_forwardMatch the proper structure with its physiological role or sensory organ. transduce both sound and motion densely clustered in fovea of retina 1. rods amino acids trigger second messengers 2. cones 3. hair cells H+ depolarizes the receptor 4. semicircular canals contain taste buds 5. cochlea sense airborne molecules 6, middle ear 7. olfactory receptors contains the organ of Corti 8. papillae bones here amplify vibrations of the tympanic membrane 9. umami 10. Sour sense low levels of light one for each 3D plane 000000arrow_forwardName the audio receptors present in the human ear.arrow_forward
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