In each of the following, identify the reactant that is oxidized and the reactant that is reduced:
a.
b.
c.
d.
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
- The Toliens test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring is C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH(aq) C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O() What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent? Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tubearrow_forwardOxidation of 1.00 g of carbon monoxide, CO, produces 1.57 g of carbon dioxide, CO2. How many grams of oxygen were required in this reaction?arrow_forwardWhich two of the following reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions? Explain your answer briefly. Classify the remaining reaction. (a) CdC12(aq) + Na2S(aq) CdS(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) (b) 2 Ca(s) + O2(g) 2 CaO(s) (c) 4 Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 H2O() + O2(g) 4 Fe(OH)3(s)arrow_forward
- One of the few industrial-scale processes that produce organic compounds electrochemically is used by the Monsanto Company to produce1,4-dicyanobutane. The reduction reaction is 2CH2CHCH+2H++2eNC(CH2)4CN The NC(CH2)4CN is then chemically reduced using hydrogen gas to H2N(CH2)6NH2, which is used in the production of nylon. What current must be used to produce 150.kg NC(CH2)4CN per hour?arrow_forwardGold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardBromine is obtained from sea water by the following redox reaction: Cl2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2() (a) What has been oxidized? What has been reduced? (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.arrow_forward
- Copper metal can reduce silver ions to metallic silver. The copper is oxidized to copper ions according to the reaction 2Ag+(aq)+Cu(s)Cu2+(aq)+2Ag(s)A copper strip with a mass of 2.00 g is dipped into a solution of AgNO3. After some time has elapsed, the copper strip is coated with silver. The strip is removed from the solution, dried, and weighed. The coated strip has a mass of 4.18 g. What are the masses of copper and silver metals in the strip? (Hint: Remember that the copper metal is being used up as silver metal forms.)arrow_forwardChromium has been investigated as a coating for steel cans. The thickness of the chromium film is determined by dissolving a sample of a can in acid and oxidizing the resulting Cr3+ to Cr2O72 with the peroxydisulfate ion: S2O82(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) Cr2O72(aq) + SO42(aq) + H+(aq) (Unbalanced) After removal of unreacted S2O82 an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O] is added, reacting with Cr2O72 produced from the first reaction. The unreacted Fe2+ from the excess ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a separate K2Cr2O7 solution. The reaction is: H+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq) + H2O(l) (Unbalanced) a. Write balanced chemical equations for the two reactions. b. In one analysis, a 40.0-cm2 sample of a chromium-plated can was treated according to this procedure. After dissolution and removal of excess S2O82, 3.000 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)26H2O was added. It took 8.58 mL of 0.0520 M K2Cr2O7 solution to completely react with the excess Fe2+. Calculate the thickness of the chromium film on the can. (The density of chromium is 7.19 g/cm3)arrow_forwardConsider the reaction between oxygen (O2) gas and magnesium metal to form magnesium oxide. Using oxidation states, how many electrons would each oxygen atom gain, and how many electrons would each magnesium atom lose? How many magnesium atoms are needed to react with one oxygen molecule? Write a balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forward
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