Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7.5, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The final acceptor of electron from NADH during aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Concept introduction:
The NADH produced in glycolysis is a reducing agent. It donates an electron and reduces a compound and gets oxidized it turn. It is used as a reducing agent in both the types of respiration.
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Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without
reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to
lactate or to ethanol plus CO2.
Which of the following provides the best explanation for sustaining anaerobic
glycolysis?
O Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NADH
Pyruvate has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
Lactic acid has to be reduced to regenerate NAD+
How many ATP or NADH molecules are produced or required in each of the following steps in glycolysis?
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zero
one
two
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In the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate,
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NADH
In some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose
phosphate pathway.
a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail.
b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway,
the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a
crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose
phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 7.1 - Name and describe the two ways in which ATP is...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.2 - During step 6 in Figure 7.9, which molecule acts...Ch. 7.3 - Name the molecules that conserve most of the...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 7.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an...Ch. 7.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.6 - WHAT IF? During intense exercise, can a muscle...Ch. 7 - The immediate energy source that drives ATP...Ch. 7 - Which metabolic pathway is common to both...Ch. 7 - In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions A. are...Ch. 7 - The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 7 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 7 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 7 - Most co, from catabolism is released during A....Ch. 7 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 7 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION ATP synthases are found in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 13TYU
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- a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forwardIn one of the steps of glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form ATP during the reaction. This process is an example of: A) O ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation B) O coupling an energy releasing process to an energy requiring process C) O oxidative phosphorylation D) OB and C are correct E) OA and B are correctarrow_forwardWhat is the process that sustains the redox balance of glycolysis under aerobic conditions? transport of lactate from the cell regeneration of NAD* in the citric acid cycle formation of NADH in the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regeneration of NAD* in fermentation processes regeneration of NAD* in the mitochondrial electron-transport chainarrow_forward
- Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucosearrow_forwardConsider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardDCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel. a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.arrow_forward
- How many molecules of NADH are produced if 12 molecules of glucose enter the glycolytic pathway?arrow_forwardIf NADH acts as a NEGATIVE regulator of citrate synthase, how could this conserve oxidizable carbons for later usage?arrow_forwardConsider the net summary equation for glycolysis. Suppose 13 molecules of glucose enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of molecules produced or used (a-d) upon completion of glycolysis utilizing all 13 glucose molecules. (a) # P; used (b) # pyruvates produced (c) # NADH produced (d) #ADP used.arrow_forward
- Concerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon labeled in pyruvate when metabolized under these conditions? a) Production of glucose b) Oxidation to CO2 via the TCA cycle c) Conversion to pyruvate to generate oxaloacetate to move electrons to the cytosol via the malate shuttle d) Pyruvate is never metabolized by the cell, instead pyruvate is converted to lactate and solely exported for the Cori cycle and dependent on the liver to recycle the carbon skeletonarrow_forwardUnder anaerobic conditions, pyruvate will be converted to lactic acid. Why does this occur? To convert NADH to NAD* to feed back into glycolysis To supply the glycolysis reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with needed electrons in the form of NADH Because lactic acid can be converted to glucose to feed back into glycolysis Because lactic acid is needed to resupply glycolysis with electrons Oarrow_forwardWhat is the net yield of ATP during homolactic, acetate, and butyrate fermentations? How do these yields compare to aerobic respiration in terms of both quantity and mechanism of phosphorylation?arrow_forward
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