Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.1, Problem 1LO
Describe the general purpose of an experimental research study, differentiate experiments from other types of research, and identify examples of experiments.
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Explain the difference between an observational study and an experiment. Give the description of a real-word example of each of these types of studies. Explain the purpose of blinding (single or double) in experimental studies using an example.
How might the absence of data screening affect a researcher’s data quality, their interpretations of the data, and thereby their interpretations of their study’s findings?
Describe how the goal of an experimental research
study is different from the goal for nonexperimental or
correlational research. Identify the two elements that
are necessary for an experiment to achieve its goal.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the general purpose of an experimental...Ch. 7.1 - Define independent, dependent, and extraneous...Ch. 7.1 - Describe the third-variable problem and the...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why manipulation of an independent...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why control of extraneous variables is a...Ch. 7.2 - Explain how an extraneous variable can become a...Ch. 7.3 - Describe the three primary techniques for...Ch. 7.4 - Describe the purpose for control conditions in...Ch. 7.4 - Explain when a manipulation check is needed,...Ch. 7.4 - Define field studies and simulation, explain why...
Ch. 7 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 7 - Dr. Jones conducted a study examining the...Ch. 7 - In an experiment examining human memory, two...Ch. 7 - It has been demonstrated that students with high...Ch. 7 - A researcher would like to compare two methods for...Ch. 7 - Define extraneous variable and explain how...Ch. 7 - Identify the two characteristics needed for a...Ch. 7 - Identify the two active methods of preventing...Ch. 7 - Explain how the process of randomly assigning...Ch. 7 - Can a research study be an experiment without a...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose of a manipulation...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose for using a simulation...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardWhat is an experiment? Give two examples.arrow_forwardUrban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forward
- How does the purpose of the research study affect the data analysis techniques selected?arrow_forwardWhich research design studies only people who are initially free of the disease of interest? Explain how this study design is different from the rest of the research designs a. Case control b. Cohort c. Cross sectional d. Experimentalarrow_forwardEnlist the types of experimental designs. Provide the details regarding their validity and procedure by formulating tables.arrow_forward
- Read through this scenario and look at the data that was collected. State the null and all possible research hypotheses. Review the results below (I used SPSS) and answer the questions that follow. Scenario: A researcher wants to see if gender and / or income affects the total amount of help given to a stranger who is sitting on the side of a busy road with a sign asking for help. The independent variables are gender, income, and the interaction of gender and income. The dependent variable is total help. He wants to know if one or both factors – or the interaction of the two - affects the total amount of help offered. Because he is analyzing two independent variables (gender and income), he used a factorial ANOVA. His results show the main effect of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable (total help) and the interaction effect. The researcher is using a 95% confidence interval which means that he wants to be at least 95% sure that his independent variables…arrow_forwardRead through this scenario and look at the data that was collected. State the null and all possible research hypotheses. Review the results below (I used SPSS) and answer the questions that follow. Scenario: A researcher wants to see if gender and/or income affect the total amount of help given to a stranger who is sitting on the side of a busy road with a sign asking for help. The independent variables are gender, income, and the interaction of gender and income. The dependent variable is total help. He wants to know if one or both factors – or the interaction of the two - affect the total amount of help offered. Because he is analyzing two independent variables (gender and income), he used a factorial ANOVA. His results show the main effect of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable (total help) and the interaction effect. The researcher is using a 95% confidence interval which means that he wants to be at least 95% sure that his independent variables…arrow_forwardYou may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question. An automobile dealer conducted a test to determine if the time in minutes needed to complete a minor engine tune-up depends on whether a computerized engine analyzer or an electronic analyzer is used. Because tune-up time varies among compact, intermediate, and full-sized cars, the three types of cars were used as blocks in the experiment. The data obtained follow. Analyzer computerized electronic Car compact 50 41 Intermediate 56 45 Full Sized 62 46 Use ? = 0.05 to test for any significant differences. State the null and alternative hypotheses. H0: ?Computerized = ?ElectronicHa: ?Computerized ≠ ?ElectronicH0: ?Computerized ≠ ?ElectronicHa: ?Computerized = ?Electronic H0: ?Computerized = ?Electronic = ?Compact = ?Intermediate = ?Full-sizedHa: Not all the population means are equal.H0: ?Compact = ?Intermediate = ?Full-sizedHa: ?Compact ≠ ?Intermediate ≠ ?Full-sizedH0:…arrow_forward
- What is primary data?arrow_forwardgive a comprehensive comparison and contrasting about experimental and non experimental researcharrow_forwardShould an observational study or an experiment be performed to answer the research question below? Explain your choice. Do students who miss their classes frequently earn lower grades than those who attend a high percentage of their classes?arrow_forward
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