21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 7, Problem 40QP
To determine
The wavelength of the largest shift effect causes in the Sun’s spectrum.
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Consider the attached light curve for a transiting planet observed by the Kepler mission. If the host star is identical to the sun, what is the radius of
this planet? Give your answer in terms of the radius of Jupiter.
Brightness of Star
Residual Flux
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.006
0.002
0.000
-8-881
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
Time (days) →
0.02
0.04
0.06
9) An interstellar cloud fragment 0.2 light-year in diameter is rotating at a rate of one revolution per million years. It
now begins to collapse. Assuming that the mass remains constant, estimate the cloud's rotation period when it has
shrunk to (a) the size of the solar nebula, 100 AU across, and (b) the size of Earth's orbit, 2 AU across.
(answers: 0.016 revolutions per year, and an orbital period of 62.5 years,
This is 40 revolutions per year, and an orbital period of 0.025 years, or just a little over 9 days)
Calculate how long radio communications from the spacecraft will take when it encounters Mars. The furthest distance from Earth to Mars is 2.66 AU. Remember that 1 AU = 1.5 x 1011 m and that light travels at 3 x 108 m/s. So how long will the radio messages take to travel this greatest distance of 2.66 AU?
If two way communication between the Earth and the spacecraft involve a 1 s time lapse before an acknowledging signal is sent by the spacecraft, how long a time is there between sending a command to the spacecraft and receiving a reply?
Chapter 7 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6QPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QPCh. 7 - Prob. 23QPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QPCh. 7 - Prob. 32QPCh. 7 - Prob. 33QPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QP
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- An exoplanetary system has two known planets. Planet X orbits in 290 days and Planet Y orbits in 145 days. Which planet is closest to its host star? If the star has the same mass as the Sun, what is the semi-major axis of the orbits for Planets X and Y?arrow_forwardWhile doing a transit study, you find an exoplanet around a nearby Sun-like star. The time between transits is P= 32days. During a transit, the time from first to second contact is t2−t1= 30minutes, and the time from fist to third contact is t3−t1= 5hours. The depth of the transit is δF/F= 0.01. During follow-up radial velocity measurements of the star, you find that its peak radial velocity is vr= 65m s−1. What is the radius of the planet? What is the mass of the planet? What is the semimajor axis of the planet’s orbit?arrow_forwardOne way that astronomers detect planets outside of our solar system (called exoplanets) is commonly referred to as the radial velocity method. This relies on the __________ ___________ to cause shifts in the spectral lines of stars as the stars perform tiny orbits around the center of mass of the host star and its orbiting planets. Those tiny orbits cause the stars to periodically (and therefore predictably) move closer to and further away from our solar system. Luckily, this method only relies on the motion of the star; its physical distance from us does not impact the resulting shifts.arrow_forward
- Although we say that the Earth orbits the Sun, in reality they are both orbiting the center of mass. It turns out that the equation for the size of the Sun's orbit around the center of mass is to take the full semi-major axis (1 AU) and multiply it by MEarth/(Msun + MEarth), sometimes known as the fulcrum equation. What is the semi-major axis of the Sun's orbit around the center of mass in km?arrow_forwardUse this light curve of a star with a transiting exoplanet to answer the following. If the exoplanet is orbiting a star identical to our own Sun, what is its average orbital distance, in AU? What is the period in years of the transiting exoplanet? Use this light curve of a star with a transiting exoplanet to answer the following questions. Brightness 0 V V V B 5 10 15 20 Time (months) 25 30 35arrow_forwardWhile looking through the Mt. Palomar telescope, you discover a large planetary object orbited by a single moon. The moon orbits the planet every 7.35 hours with the centers of the two objects separated by a distance roughly 2.25 times the radius of the planet. Fellow scientists speculate that the planet is made of mostly iron. In fact, the media has dubbed it the ''Iron Planet'' and NASA has even named it Planet Hephaestus after the Greek god of iron. But you have your doubts. Assuming the planet is spherical and the orbit circular, calculate the density of Planet Hephaestus.arrow_forward
- If Exoplanets A and B are orbiting their host stars at similar distances and we know that the host star for exoplanet A emits peak radiation at 400 nm, while the radiation at exoplanet B’s star peaks at 1920 nm, in the absence of other information, which exoplanet would be warmer, and why?arrow_forwardWhich of these views cannot be used when trying to detect exoplanets using the radial velocity method? XYZ all of these can be observed using the radial velocity method none of these can be observed using the radial velocity method? X Y Z all of these can be observed using the radial velocity method none of these can be observed using the radial velocity method Figure X to Earth Figure Y to Earth Figure Z to Earth Which of the systems above could not be detected using the transit method?arrow_forwardF = 9/5 C + 32 ; C = 5/9 (F - 32); K = 273 + C; Lambda = 2900/T; T^4 = I (128)(10^8); I1/I2 = ( D2 / D1 )2 Show All Calculations What is the intensity of sunlight on planet XZEON if: The intensity of direct sunlight on earth is Ie = 2.0 calories per square centimeter per minute and Planet XZEON is 7.7 times farther from the sun than the earth is.arrow_forward
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