For a quantum panicle in a box, the first excited state
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- Suppose a quantum particle is in its ground state in a box that has infinitely high walls (as shown). Now suppose the left-hand wall is suddenly lowered to a finite height and width. (a) Qualitatively sketch the wave function for the particle a short time later. (b) If the box has a length L, what is the wavelength of the wave that penetrates the lefthand wall?arrow_forwardFor a particle in a box, what would the probability distribution function Ic I2 look like if the particle behaved like a classical (Newtonian) particle? Do the actual probability distributions approach this classical form when n is very large? Explain.arrow_forwardProblem 2: An electron of momentum p is at a distancer from a stationary proton. The two particles are interacting via the electric Coulomb potential. If the electron is bound to the proton to form a hydrogen atom, its average position is at the proton, but the uncertainty in its position is approximately equal to the radius, r, of its orbit. The electron's average momentum will be zero, but the uncertainty in its momentum will be given by the uncertainty principle. Treat the atom as a one-dimensional system to solve the following questions. (a) Estimate the uncertainty in the electron's momentum in terms of r. (b) Estimate the electron's kinetic, potential, and total energies in terms of r. (c) The actual value of r is the one that minimizes the total energy, resulting in a stable atom. Find that value of r and the resulting total energy. Compare your answer with the predictions of the Bohr theory.arrow_forward
- The treatment of electrons in atoms must be a quantum treatment, but classical physics still works for baseballs. Where is the dividing line? Suppose we consider a spherical virus, with a diameter of 30 nm, constrained to exist in a long, narrow cell of length 1.0 μm. If we treat the virus as a particle in a box, what is the lowest energy level? Is a quantum treatment necessary for the motion of the virus?arrow_forwardA one-dimensional infinite well of length 200 pm contains an electron in its third excited state.We position an electrondetector probe of width 2.00 pm so that it is centered on a point of maximum probability density. (a) What is the probability of detection by the probe? (b) If we insert the probe as described 1000 times, how many times should we expect the electron to materialize on the end of the probe (and thus be detected)?arrow_forward(Requires integral calculus.) Imagine that a quanton's wavefunction at a given time is y(x) Ae-x/al, where A is an unspecified = constant and a = 35 nm . If we were to perform an experiment to locate the quanton at this time, what would be the probability (as a percent) of a result within ±0.47 a = ±16.45 nm of the origin? The probability is Note: Round the final answer to one decimal place. %.arrow_forward
- a) An electron and a 0.0500 kg bullet each have a velocity of magnitude 460 m/s, accurate to within 0.0100%. Within what lower limit could we determine the position of each object along the direction of the velocity? (Give the lower limit for the electron in mm and that for the bullet in m.) b) What If? Within what lower limit could we determine the position of each object along the direction of the velocity if the electron and the bullet were both relativistic, traveling at 350c measured with the same accuracy? (Give the lower limit for the electron in nm and that for the bullet in m.)arrow_forwardProblem 3. Consider the two example systems from quantum mechanics. First, for a particle in a box of length 1 we have the equation h² d²v EV, 2m dx² with boundary conditions (0) = 0 and V(1) = 0. Second, the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator (QHO) = h² d² +kr²V = EV 2m dg²+ka² 1/ k2²) v (a) Write down the states for both systems. What are their similarities and differences? (b) Write down the energy eigenvalues for both systems. What are their similarities and differences? (c) Plot the first three states of the QHO along with the potential for the system. (d) Explain why you can observe a particle outside of the "classically allowed region". Hint: you can use any state and compute an integral to determine a probability of a particle being in a given region.arrow_forwardSuppose a wave function is discontinuous at some point. Can this function represent a quantum state of some physical particle? Why? Why not?arrow_forward
- Can a quantum particle 'escape' from an infinite potential well like that in a box? Why? Why not?arrow_forwardIf the uncertainty in the y -component of a proton's position is 2.0 pm, find the minimum uncertainty in the simultaneous measurement of the proton's y -component of velocity. What is the minimum uncertainty in the simultaneous measurement of the proton's x -component of velocity?arrow_forwardCan we simultaneously measure position and energy of a quantum oscillator? Why? Why not?arrow_forward
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