Chapter 7, Problem 103E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{Sr(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$ is acidic, basic or neutral in nature needs to be determined with the help of relevant ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{b}}$ values.

Concept Introduction: A base is the substance that gives ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of base dissociation, they can be classified as strong and weak base. On the contrary, a weak base ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{BOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+B}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

An acid is the substance that gives ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of acid dissociation, acids can be classified as strong and weak acid. On the contrary, a weak acid ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{HA}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Answer to Problem 103E

  ${\text{Sr(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$ is a neutral salt as it is composed of strong acid ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and strong base $\text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

Explanation of Solution

In the give compounds; ${\text{Sr(NO}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$  is a neutral salt as it is composed of strong acid ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and strong base $\text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.Since both are strong in nature therefore it will be a neutral salt.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CN}$ is acidic, basic or neutral in nature needs to be determined with the help of relevant ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{b}}$ values.

Concept Introduction: A base is the substance that gives ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of base dissociation, they can be classified as strong and weak base. On the contrary, a weak base ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{BOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+B}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

An acid is the substance that gives ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of acid dissociation, acids can be classified as strong and weak acid. On the contrary, a weak acid ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{HA}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Answer to Problem 103E

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CN}$ is a basic salt.

Explanation of Solution

In the give compounds ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CN}$  is a basic salt. The ionization of salt can be written as:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CN}\underset{}{\to }{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{{}_{\text{3}}}^{+}+{\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$

This is because ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ for ${\text{CN}}^{\text{-}}$ is greater than ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{{}_{\text{3}}}^{+}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}$ is acidic, basic or neutral in nature needs to be determined with the help of relevant ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{b}}$ values.

Concept Introduction: A base is the substance that gives ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of base dissociation, they can be classified as strong and weak base. On the contrary, a weak base ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{BOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+B}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

An acid is the substance that gives ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of acid dissociation, acids can be classified as strong and weak acid. On the contrary, a weak acid ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{HA}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Answer to Problem 103E

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}$ is an acidic salt.

Explanation of Solution

In the give compounds ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}$  is an acidic salt. The ionization of ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}$ forms respective ions:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}\underset{}{\to }{\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{{}_{}}^{+}+{\text{F}}^{\text{-}}$

Since the ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ of ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5{\text{NH}}_{{}_{}}^{+}$ is greater than the ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ for ${\text{F}}^{\text{-}}$ therefore ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_5\text{NHF}$  is an acidic salt.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is acidic, basic or neutral in nature needs to be determined with the help of relevant ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{b}}$ values.

Concept Introduction: A base is the substance that gives ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of base dissociation, they can be classified as strong and weak base. On the contrary, a weak base ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{BOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+B}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

An acid is the substance that gives ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of acid dissociation, acids can be classified as strong and weak acid. On the contrary, a weak acid ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{HA}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Answer to Problem 103E

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is a neutral salt.

Explanation of Solution

In the give compounds ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$  is a neutral salt. The ionization of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ forms respective ions:

  ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\underset{}{\to }{\text{NH}}_{4_{}}^{+}+{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$

Since the ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}$ of ${\text{NH}}_{4_{}}^{+}$ is almost equal to the ${\text{K}}_{\text{b}}$ for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}$ therefore ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$  is a neutral salt.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$ is acidic, basic or neutral in nature needs to be determined with the help of relevant ${\text{K}}_{\text{a}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{b}}$ values.

Concept Introduction: A base is the substance that gives ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of base dissociation, they can be classified as strong and weak base. On the contrary, a weak base ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{BOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+B}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

An acid is the substance that gives ${\text{H}}^{+}$ ions in its aqueous solution. On the basis of acid dissociation, acids can be classified as strong and weak acid. On the contrary, a weak acid ionized partially and reaches to equilibrium.

  ${\text{HA}}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}{\text{+ A}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}$

Answer to Problem 103E

  ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$ is a basic salt.

Explanation of Solution

In the give compounds ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$  is a basic salt. The ionization of ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}$ forms respective ions:

  ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}\underset{}{\to }{\text{Na}}_{{}_{}}^{+}+{\text{HCO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$

Here ${\text{HCO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ can act as acid as well as base but it is stronger base than acid therefore the salt is basic in nature as ${\text{Na}}_{{}_{}}^{+}$ is neither acidic nor basic.