Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.8, Problem 1CR
How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatory mechanism for conserving cell
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Can a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus?
A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor
B) No, one stimulus = one response.
C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same time
What event is common to ALL signal transduction pathways?
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Calcium ions bind to/ activate proteins.
B)
Cyclic nucleotides are formed.
C)
Proteins change in shape.
D)
Phosphates are transferred between molecules.
E)
Protons are transferred between molecules.
The movement of signaling molecules such as Ca2+ and cAMP from cell to adjacent cell coordinates the responses of cells in tissues. This is achieved by aggregation to which of the following cell adhesion proteins?A) CadherinsB) ConnexinsC) IntegrinsD) Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)E) Selectins
Chapter 6 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - What is protein domain?Ch. 6.1 - Why are most DMA-binding proteins specific to...Ch. 6.1 - Describe why a protein that binds to a specific...Ch. 6.2 - Why is negative control so named?Ch. 6.2 - How does a repressor inhibit the synthesis of a...Ch. 6.2 - Induction is considered the opposite of enzyme...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.3 - What is the difference between an operon and a...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.4 - Explain how the lac operon is both positively and...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.5 - What is the major difference between...Ch. 6.5 - How do transcriptional activators in Archaea often...Ch. 6.5 - Explain how the Pyrococcus furiosus TrmBL1...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.6 - What are kinases and what is their role in...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.7 - What are the primary response regulator and the...Ch. 6.7 - Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?Ch. 6.7 - How does the response of the chemortaxis system to...Ch. 6.7 - Adaptation allows the mechanism controlling...Ch. 6.8 - What advantage do quorum-sensing systems confer on...Ch. 6.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.8 - How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatory...Ch. 6.9 - Which Escherichia coli genes are activated and...Ch. 6.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.9 - What are some other conditions that trigger the...Ch. 6.9 - Explain the sequence of molecular events that...Ch. 6.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.11 - What are the mechanisms by which regulation by...Ch. 6.12 - What happens when a riboswitch binds the small...Ch. 6.12 - What are the major differences between a repressor...Ch. 6.12 - What is the mechanism by which a riboswitch...Ch. 6.13 - Why does attenuation control not occur in...Ch. 6.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.14 - What is feedback inhibition?Ch. 6.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.14 - Describe how feedback inhibition is reversible.Ch. 6.15 - What types of covalent modifications commonly...Ch. 6.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.15 - Explain the role of an anti-sigma factor.Ch. 6.15 - Which nucleotides are commonly used to covalently...Ch. 6 - What would happen to regulation from a promoter...Ch. 6 - Most of the regulatory systems described in this...Ch. 6 - Many amino acid biosynthetic operons under...Ch. 6 - How would you design a regulatory system to make...
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- Q How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatorymechanism for conserving cell resources?arrow_forwardBriefly describe and explain the benefits of quorum sensing.arrow_forwardWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?arrow_forward
- The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________. a) inside-out signalingb) outside-in signalingc) right-side-out signalingd) simple signalinge) integrinationarrow_forwardDescribe how quorum sensing and two-component regulatory systems allow cells to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions.arrow_forwardYou have isolated a new species of infectious bacteria. The bacterium releases a toxin that you believe is adversely affecting heterotrimeric Gs (stimulatory)-protein-based signaling. To explore this hypothesis you use an epithelial cell line that is expressing a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-labeled α subunit and a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-labeled β subunit of a heterotrimeric Gs-protein. CFP emits blue light and has excitation and emission wavelengths of 440 nm and 490 nm, respectively. YFP emits yellow light and has excitation and emission wavelengths of 490 nm and 527 nm, respectively. To test your hypothesis, you perform two experiments. First, you apply a signaling ligand known to activate this Gs protein and track yellow fluorescence. Second, you apply the signaling ligand and the purified bacterial toxin simultaneously and track yellow fluorescence. Which of the following conclusion will you draw based on the above experimental data? The toxin locks the α subunit…arrow_forward
- Cell communication a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between cells, name and describe two. b) How does a signal that binds to the surface of the cell reach all the way to the nucleus? c) What does it mean that a signal is G protein linked?arrow_forwardName and define (briefly) the four different types of receptors involved in Cellsignaling. Give an example of a ligand and specific type of receptor (where would you find the receptor?) for one of the receptors defined.arrow_forwardWhat are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)? Describe.arrow_forward
- You stimulated the cell with a ligand and analyzed the response. Upon ligand treatment, the cell increased the expression of gene α and decreased expression of gene β. When you inhibit cyclic AMP production by treating the cell with an inhibitor of Adenylyl cyclase, the increased expression of gene α was not observed but the decrease gene β expression was still observed. a) What you can expect for gene α regulation by this ligand? What signaling mechanism could be used? b) To determine how gene β is regulated by the ligand via what signaling mechanism, provide your hypothesis and indicate a potential experiment that you can perform to test that.arrow_forwardSee figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. Cyclin Serine Lysine Aspartic "Acid Lysine -OH NH3t -Coo NH3+ NH3 + -OH Aspartic Aad Aspartic Acid /Lysine Serine сокarrow_forwardSee figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. A Explain what a kinase does and how the cyclin controls the activity of the Cdk.arrow_forward
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