Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 3AQ
Many amino acid biosynthetic operons under attenuation control are also under negative control. Considering that the environment of a bacterium can be highly dynamic, what advantage could be conferred by having attenuation as a second layer of control?
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Why trp operon has a higher level of expression than live operon in bacteria grown on nutrient-poor agar plates? Explain with clear reasoning
Many amino acid biosynthetic operons under attenuationcontrol are also under negative control. Considering that theenvironment of a bacterium can be highly dynamic, whatadvantage could be conferred by having attenuation as asecond layer of control?
A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The
genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene
with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which
of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity,
when grown in the lactose medium.
CAP It P+ O`Z+
CAP+ I P+ O+ Zt
CAP+ It P- O+ Z+
CAP+ It P+ 0+ Z
Chapter 6 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - What is protein domain?Ch. 6.1 - Why are most DMA-binding proteins specific to...Ch. 6.1 - Describe why a protein that binds to a specific...Ch. 6.2 - Why is negative control so named?Ch. 6.2 - How does a repressor inhibit the synthesis of a...Ch. 6.2 - Induction is considered the opposite of enzyme...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.3 - What is the difference between an operon and a...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.4 - Explain how the lac operon is both positively and...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.5 - What is the major difference between...Ch. 6.5 - How do transcriptional activators in Archaea often...Ch. 6.5 - Explain how the Pyrococcus furiosus TrmBL1...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.6 - What are kinases and what is their role in...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.7 - What are the primary response regulator and the...Ch. 6.7 - Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?Ch. 6.7 - How does the response of the chemortaxis system to...Ch. 6.7 - Adaptation allows the mechanism controlling...Ch. 6.8 - What advantage do quorum-sensing systems confer on...Ch. 6.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.8 - How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatory...Ch. 6.9 - Which Escherichia coli genes are activated and...Ch. 6.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.9 - What are some other conditions that trigger the...Ch. 6.9 - Explain the sequence of molecular events that...Ch. 6.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.11 - What are the mechanisms by which regulation by...Ch. 6.12 - What happens when a riboswitch binds the small...Ch. 6.12 - What are the major differences between a repressor...Ch. 6.12 - What is the mechanism by which a riboswitch...Ch. 6.13 - Why does attenuation control not occur in...Ch. 6.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 6.14 - What is feedback inhibition?Ch. 6.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.14 - Describe how feedback inhibition is reversible.Ch. 6.15 - What types of covalent modifications commonly...Ch. 6.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.15 - Explain the role of an anti-sigma factor.Ch. 6.15 - Which nucleotides are commonly used to covalently...Ch. 6 - What would happen to regulation from a promoter...Ch. 6 - Most of the regulatory systems described in this...Ch. 6 - Many amino acid biosynthetic operons under...Ch. 6 - How would you design a regulatory system to make...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What are the effects of the following conditions on Lac operon of bacteria? Do not forget to mention about the role of repressor, activator, RNA polymerase in each case! A) Glucose is absent and lactose is present B) Glucose is present and lactose is present C) Glucose is present and lactose is absentarrow_forwardWhich of the following lac operon genotypes would allow for functional versions of all the structural enzymes of the lac operon to be expressed constitutively even in the absence of lactose? Group of answer choices I+ O+ Z+ Y+ A+ I- O+ Z- Y- A- I+ OC Z+ Y+ A+ IS O+ Z+ Y+ A+ I+ O+ Z- Y+ A+arrow_forwardThe lac operon contains the genes that the bacterium needs to be able to use lactose as a carbon source. What would happen to the regulation of the Lac operon if: a) a mutation has occurred in the Lac Z gene which results in the formation of no functional β-galactosidase b) a mutation has occurred in the CAP protein so that cAMP cannot bindarrow_forward
- A number of mutations affect the expression of the lac operon in E. coli. The genotypes of several E. coli strains are shown below. ("+" indicates a wild-type gene with normal function and "-" indicates a loss-of-function allele.) Please predict which of the following strains would have the highest beta-galactosidase enzyme activity, when grown in the lactose medium. O CAP+ r* p* o* z O CAP* I P* o* z* O CAP* r* P O* z* O CAP I P* O z*arrow_forwardWhat would happen if the operator sequence of the trp operon contained a mutation that prevented the repressor protein from binding to the operator? (Explain what would happen in both the presence and absence of tryptophan)arrow_forwardSuppose that E. coli sustains a mutation in its gene for the lac operon depressor making the repressive ineffective. How would this mutation affect the bacterium's ability to catabolize lactose? Would the mute to strain have an advantage over the wild-type strain?arrow_forward
- For the following E.coli genotype trpR- trpP+ trpO+ trpE- / trpR- trpP+ trpO+ trpE+ the production of the first enzyme (trpE) in the tryptophan operon is zero repressible constitutive induciblearrow_forwardThe genotypes of five merozygote bacteria are shown below. In each set, the genotype of the lac operon on the chromosome is on the left side of the slash () and the genotype of the lac operon on the F' plasmid is on the right side of the slash. Which of the merozygote bacteria listed below would be able to make high quantities of B-galactosidase in the absence of lactose? Mark all the answers that are correct. O i p*o°z¯ y*A*/F'I$ p*oʻz*y*A* I* p* o*Z¯YA*/F'T P*O*z*y* A* I* P* o*z*Y* A* /F'T P*O*z*y* A* O 1* p*o*z° YA*/F'T P*o°z*y*A* 1S p*0°2¯Y¯AZET P*O*Z*Y*A*arrow_forwardThe genotypes of five merozygote bacteria are shown below. In each set, the genotype of the lac operon on the chromosome is on the left side of the slash (/) and the genotype of the lac operon on the F' plasmid is on the right side of the slash. Which of the merozygote bacteria listed below would be able to make high quantities of B-galactosidase in the absence of lactose? Mark all the answers that are correct. OIP*o*z* y*A*/F'I P oʻz*Y*A*. OI P o°z-Y*A*/F'IS P O*z*Y*A* nd of B * P*o*zY A /F'I P*o z*Y*A* erase e D I' P*o*z YA /F'I P*O z*Y* A* strand a NA poly should be 1S P*0°ZYA/FI P O*z*Y*A*arrow_forward
- Say you have an operon called the CAKE operon, it contains genes for the enzymes require to convert C into E via following steps C-->A-->K-->E. 1) if this operon is *inducible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on whcih is the inducer molecule 2) if the operon is *repressible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on whcih is the co-repressor moleculearrow_forwardSay you have an operon called the CAKE operon, it contains genes for the enzymes require to convert C into E via following steps C-->A-->K-->E. 1) if this operon is *inducible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on whcih is the inducer molecule 2) if the operon is *repressible*, the maximum level of the enzymes for A-->K is most likely made when there is: a) high level of C b) high level of E c) low level of C d) low level of E e) unpredictable - depends on which is the co-repressor moleculearrow_forward1. a) If glucose is not available and lactose is absent from the environment, what is the status of transcription of the lac operon genes? Explain your answer from both an evolutionary perspective and in terms of negative and positive regulation of the operon? b)If glucose is not available, but lactose is available from the environment, what is the status of transcription of the lac operon genes? Explain your answer from both an evolutionary perspective and in terms of negative and positive regulation of the operon? b)arrow_forward
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