Chapter 6.2, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the group 2 element in the fourth period needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Aufbau principle is used to determine the electronic configuration of an atom. According to this principle, electron fills the lower energy orbitals first and then the higher energy orbitals.

Answer to Problem 10PP

The electronic configuration of the group 2 element in the fourth period is $1s^{2}2s^{2}s{p}^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$ or $[\text{Ar}]4s^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The group 2 elements are Berrylium (Be), magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr) etc. and these elements are also known as alkaline earth metals. The group 2 element present in period 4 is Calcium. To write the electronic configuration atomic number is needed. The atomic number of calcium is 20. So, electronic configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}s{p}^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^2$ or $[\text{Ar}]4s^2$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the group 12 element in the fourth period needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Aufbau principle is used to determine the electronic configuration of an atom. According to this principle, electron fills the lower energy orbitals first and then the higher energy orbitals.

Answer to Problem 10PP

The electronic configuration of the group 12 element in the fourth period is $1s^{2}2s^{2}s{p}^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}$ or $[\text{Ar}]3d^{10}4s^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The group 12 elements are zinc, cadmium, mercury etc. The element present in group 12 and 4th period is Zinc. The atomic number of the zinc is 30. So, its electronic configuration is $1s^{2}2s^{2}s{p}^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}$ or $[\text{Ar}]3d^{10}4s^2$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the noble gas in the fifth period needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Aufbau principle is used to determine the electronic configuration of an atom. According to this principle, electron fills the lower energy orbitals first and then the higher energy orbitals.

Answer to Problem 10PP

The electronic configuration of the noble gas in the fifth period is $[\text{Kr}]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^6$.

Explanation of Solution

Noble gases are present in group 18 of the periodic table. Some noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. The noble gas present in fifth period is Xenon. The atomic number of xenon is 54. So, the electronic configuration of xenon is $[\text{Kr}]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^6$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the group 16 element in the second period needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Aufbau principle is used to determine the electronic configuration of an atom. According to this principle, electron fills the lower energy orbitals first and then the higher energy orbitals.

Answer to Problem 10PP

The electronic configuration of the group 16 element in the second period is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$ or $[\text{He}]2s^{2}2p^4$.

Explanation of Solution

Names of some group 16 elements are oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium and Polonium. The element which is present in group 16 and 2nd period is Oxygen. The atomic number of oxygen is 8. So, the electronic configuration of oxygen is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^4$ or $[\text{He}]2s^{2}2p^4$.