BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 6, Problem 9WIO
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The fact that both humans and yeasts use the same biochemical pathways to produce energy from the nutrients.
Introduction:
Respiration is a process in which organisms take the air inside the body and then releases the carbon dioxide out of the body. This process is involved in other
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Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.
Look at the cellular respiration reaction. What reactants and/or catalysts (enzymes) does the yeast supply? What does the juice supply?
What is the product of respiration that we need? In other words, why do organisms need cellular respiration?
Propose an alternative experiment to test rates of cellular respiration besides measuring acid production (hint: look at the reaction equation).
Do some reading and discuss some applications of fermentation in biotechnology, food production, or medicine.
The following image is a schematic of the metabolic processes occurring in a plant contained in a closed container.
A=Light Dependent reactions
B=Glycolysis
C=Light Independent Reactions
D=Kreb's cycle
E=electron transport chain
2a) Use the figure above to explain the conditions in which the oxygen concentration remains constant in the container.
b) 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate (CABP) is an inhibitor of the enzyme rubisco. Which pathway would this affect most?
Chapter 6 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 6.5 - How does the Krebs cycle generate CO2, ATP, NADH,...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.6 - How does the actual ATP yield compare to the...Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6.8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 6.8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Which of the following best describes aerobic...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 6 - The CO2 produced in respiration comes mainly from...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 6 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 6 - Prob. 1SLCh. 6 - Add the locations of each stage of respiration to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2PITCh. 6 - Prob. 3PITCh. 6 - Prob. 4PIT
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- Vitamin B3 (niacin) is a component of NAD+ (or NADH). Niacin is acquired through the diet. a) Describe the consequences of niacin deficiency on energy production. b) Invent two strategies a cell might use to maintain energy production under niacin deficiency.arrow_forwardMetabolism is essential to life and is the process by which cells make energy to carry out all of the processes required for them to survive. Metabolism requires that the organism transport substances from the environment into the cell to utilize in their metabolic pathways. Bacteria have a diverse array of potential metabolic processes to make energy. Given the information below (A. and B.), describe how the organisms would make ATP in the environment they are found. Make sure to discuss in detail each of the pathways, including the starting products, end products, components of the ETC (if applicable), how the cell makes ATP during this process, where in the cell each of these pathways occur and the transport mechanism(s) utilized to move the starting products from the environment into the cell. An anaerobic organism that is only able to ferment lactose.arrow_forwardThe figure above represents changes in different types of metabolic pathways (y-axis) as energy charge in a cell (x-axis) changes. What is the best description of the types of reactions shown by the green line labeled "A"? a) Catabolic, energy-consuming pathways b) Anabolic, energy-consuming pathways c) Anabolic, energy-producing pathways d) Catabolic, energy-producing pathwaysarrow_forward
- Describe a possible progression of four microbial metabolic types on planet earth, beginning with what is believed to be a primitive metabolic type found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. For each of the four metabolic types that you will name, detail the source and origin of energy, electrons, and carbon. Remember that redox reactions need both a donor and acceptor. For each transition between metabolic types, outline the selective measures or chemical environmental changes that led to the emergence of the considered metabolic types. One of these transitions should be linked to the rise of oxygen levels on the planet. Conclude by discussing the role of a microbial group that fundamentally influenced the evolution of life on earth. Specifically, discuss the role of this microbial group in: i) setting the chemical boundaries of life, ii) facilitating the development of complex eukaryotic metabolisms, and iii) promoting the habitability of terrestrial ecosystems.arrow_forwardExamine the figure below, which compares the energetics of a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction during the progress of the reaction from substrate (S) to product (P). The highest peak in such a diagram corresponds to the transition state, which is an unstable, high-energy arrangement of substrate atoms that is intermediate between substrate and product. The free energy required to surmount this barrier to the reaction is termed the activation energy. Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy, thereby allowing a more rapid approach to equilibrium. UNCATALYZED activation energy progress of reaction CATALYZED activation energy S ES | progress of reaction free energy free energyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis? A) NADH is used to directly create the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP.B) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation.C) NADH accepts electrons during fermentation. D) NAD+ accepts electrons. E) All of the above are correct.arrow_forward
- For Krebs Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle) what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forwardplz explain in details. Organisms must do tasks in order to survive. This work requires either light for photosynthesis or the chemical potential energy of organic molecules as an energy input. Explain the necessity for energy in living organisms and provide two (2) examples. Explain the oxidative phosphorylation process, particularly the involvement of oxygen. Discuss the generation of a low yield of ATP from anaerobic respiration and the formation of lactate in mammals.arrow_forwardWhy must metabolic pathways be regulated? Cite three ways by which metabolic pathways are regulated.arrow_forward
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